Research Design Types Overview
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Questions and Answers

In which part of their work did Amy's group encourage readers to consider ways to extend their findings?

  • Analysis
  • Recommendation (correct)
  • Methodology
  • Conclusion

Which probability sampling method relies on a predetermined system to select samples?

  • Systematic Sampling (correct)
  • Random Sampling
  • Stratified Sampling
  • Quota Sampling

What type of sampling relies heavily on the availability of subjects willing to participate?

  • Purposive Sampling
  • Availability Sampling (correct)
  • Random Sampling
  • Convenience Sampling

Which term describes the complete list of members in a population used for sampling?

<p>Sampling Frame (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of observation allows researchers to gain data without interacting with the subjects?

<p>Non-participant Observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation method involves reviewing materials such as tape recordings and documents?

<p>Indirect Observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of constructing a research instrument called?

<p>Planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of ensuring an instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure?

<p>Validation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design is suitable for investigating the cause and effect relationship of variables?

<p>Experimental (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of qualitative research designs?

<p>Describing nature of variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a research paper contains a summary of the entire study?

<p>Abstract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section of a research study would you find references to the sources used?

<p>References (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does data analysis in research involve?

<p>Understanding data or known facts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research design is most appropriate for collecting data expressed in numbers?

<p>Quantitative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the appendix of a research study typically contain?

<p>Supplementary materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of thinking derives its validity from sensory experiences?

<p>Conclusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research instrument contains a list of questions for written responses?

<p>Questionnaire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a self-administered questionnaire?

<p>Filled out by the respondent independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures the validity and reliability of a research instrument?

<p>Pilot Testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in the context of research?

<p>A tentative explanation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a null hypothesis state?

<p>There is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation method involves secretly watching subjects?

<p>Covert Observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of a research paper details the approaches used in gathering data?

<p>Methodology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The conclusions section of a research paper includes what type of information?

<p>Restatement of findings and recommendations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Descriptive Research Design

A research design used to describe the nature of a variable as it exists.

Experimental Research Design

A research design used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

Quantitative Research Design

A research design where data is numerical (numbers, percentages, ranks).

Correlational Research Design

A research design to look into the relationships among variables and the extent of their relation.

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Appendix

Includes supplementary materials like tables, questionnaires, interview guides, etc., necessary for the research.

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Literature Review

Summarizes and synthesizes all relevant sources related to the research topic.

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Abstract

A brief summary of a research paper, including key aspects and findings.

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Data Analysis

The process of understanding data and drawing conclusions about it.

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Questionnaire

A research instrument that is a paper with a list of questions where respondents write answers.

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Postal questionnaire

A questionnaire sent to respondents through mail or email.

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Self-administered questionnaire

A questionnaire where the researcher acts as both the interviewer and respondent at the same time

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Experiment

A research instrument to establish cause and effect by controlling variables.

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Pilot testing

Process of testing a research instrument with respondents to check its validity and reliability.

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Hypothesis

A tentative explanation that answers a research question about variables and relationships.

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Covert observation

Observing subjects secretly, without their awareness.

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Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis stating the absence of relationship between variables.

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Systematic Sampling

A probability sampling method where members of a population are selected using a system, like every nth person. Chance and a system determine the sample.

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Availability Sampling

A non-probability sampling method where the sample is chosen based on convenience or ease of access. A person's willingness to participate is important.

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Purposive Sampling

A non-probability sampling method where you intentionally choose participants who meet specific criteria, those with rich experience or interest in the study.

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Sampling Frame

A list of all the members of a population from which a sample is drawn.

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Non-participant Observation

A method of observation where the researcher does not participate in the activity being observed. The observer is detached.

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Indirect Observation

A method of observation using recorded information; listening to tapes, seeing photos, letters, etc. to collect data.

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Planning (Instrument Construction)

The first stage of instrument creation, involving research on literature and interviews with potential respondents to guide instrument design.

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Validation (Instrument)

The process of verifying the content of a research instrument to confirm that it accurately measures what it intends to measure

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Study Notes

Encouraging Reader Extension

  • Amy's group encouraged readers to consider extending their findings in the discussion section of their work.

Probability Sampling Methods

  • Systematic sampling relies on a predetermined system to select samples.

Sampling Based on Availability

  • Convenience sampling heavily relies on the availability of subjects willing to participate.

Sampling Population List

  • Sampling frame refers to the complete list of members in a population used for sampling.

Observing Without Interaction

  • Non-participant observation allows researchers to gain data without interacting with the subjects.

Observing Recorded Materials

  • Content analysis involves reviewing materials such as tape recordings and documents.

Initial Stage of Instrument Construction

  • The item generation stage is the first stage of constructing a research instrument.

Instrument Accuracy

  • Validation is the process of ensuring an instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure.

Cause and Effect Relationships

  • Experimental research design is suitable for investigating the cause and effect relationship of variables.

Qualitative Research Focus

  • The primary focus of qualitative research designs is to understand the meaning and interpretation of phenomena.

Research Paper Summary

  • The abstract section of a research paper contains a summary of the entire study.

Source Citations

  • References are found in a section of a research study that cites the sources used.

Data Analysis in Research

  • Data analysis in research involves organizing, summarizing, and interpreting collected data.

Quantitative Data Collection

  • Quantitative research design is most appropriate for collecting data expressed in numbers.

Research Study Appendix Content

  • The appendix of a research study typically contains supplementary materials, like questionnaires or tables.

Sensory-Based Thinking

  • Empirical thinking derives its validity from sensory experiences.

Written Questionnaire

  • Questionnaire is a research instrument containing a list of questions for written responses.

Self-Administered Questionnaires

  • Self-administered questionnaires are questionnaires filled out by participants without the presence of a researcher.

Instrument Validity and Reliability

  • Pilot testing helps ensure the validity and reliability of a research instrument.

Hypothesis in Research

  • A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between variables.

Null Hypothesis Statement

  • A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between variables.

Covert Observation

  • Covert observation involves secretly watching subjects without their knowledge.

Data Gathering Approaches

  • The methodology section of a research paper details the approaches used in gathering data.

Conclusion Section Content

  • The conclusions section of a research paper includes interpretations of findings, limitations, and future research directions.

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Description

Explore the different types of research designs, including experimental, descriptive, quantitative, and correlational. This quiz will assess your understanding of key research components like methodology and findings. Test your grasp on essential concepts used in academic research!

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