Research Design Procedures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of experimental research?

  • To develop theories without testing their applicability
  • To classify behavioral research into universally acceptable categories
  • To gather data from various sources without manipulating variables
  • To examine the effects of controlled or manipulated variables (correct)

How is fundamental research primarily characterized?

  • It involves simple observational studies without hypotheses.
  • It relies solely on qualitative data for analysis.
  • It aims to produce immediate, practical applications.
  • It develops a theory by identifying important variables. (correct)

Which of the following correctly distinguishes between fundamental and applied research?

  • Fundamental research is less concerned about practical applications compared to applied research. (correct)
  • Fundamental research seeks immediate results while applied research focuses on theory.
  • Fundamental research is informal and unsystematic compared to applied research.
  • Fundamental research focuses on generalizations, whereas applied research ignores theory.

What challenge is often faced when classifying behavioral research?

<p>There is a lack of agreement on a universal system of classification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key aspect of fundamental research?

<p>It utilizes careful sampling to allow for generalization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does group testing provide in research?

<p>It increases the efficiency of data collection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of a pilot study in research?

<p>To identify issues in the equipment or procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tools are commonly used for scientific observation and measurement?

<p>Questionnaires, opinions, and interviews. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is specifically mentioned for summarizing results in scientific research?

<p>Tabular and graphic methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes questionnaires and interviews in research?

<p>They ask for information rather than direct observation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the investigator aim to achieve after analyzing the results of research?

<p>To draw conclusions and make statements about the research problem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of consistent procedures in research?

<p>Reliable and valid results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research investigates and interprets events from the past?

<p>Historical research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of testing subjects in the same conditions?

<p>It minimizes external variables that can affect results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is data reduced in the tabular method during summarization?

<p>Through the grouping of data into categories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of experimental research?

<p>Investigating independent and dependent variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines descriptive research?

<p>It records and interprets existing conditions without manipulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to classify types of educational research?

<p>Many textbooks propose different classification systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In descriptive research, what is typically aimed at discovering?

<p>Relations between existing non-manipulated variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately paraphrases the purpose of the investigator’s conclusions?

<p>To generalize findings to the larger population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does descriptive research avoid in its methodology?

<p>Manipulating any variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of the graphic method over the tabular method?

<p>It helps in quick deliberation and understanding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What general limitation does the graphic method have?

<p>Complex data can be difficult to display. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of statistical tests can be chosen for analysis?

<p>Both parametric and non-parametric tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of statistical analysis in research?

<p>To reject the null hypothesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which levels of significance is the null hypothesis commonly tested?

<p>0.01 level and 0.05 level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'alpha level' refer to in hypothesis testing?

<p>The significance level at which the null hypothesis is rejected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it suggested that researchers use both graphic and tabular methods?

<p>Each method has distinct strengths and weaknesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of applied research?

<p>To apply existing theories to real-world problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly true regarding parametric and non-parametric statistics?

<p>Parametric tests generally require more stringent assumptions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a variable in the context of behavioral science?

<p>A characteristic that can take multiple values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of variable is commonly manipulated in experiments?

<p>Independent variable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT commonly used to control extraneous variables?

<p>Observation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative variables differ from quantitative variables in that they:

<p>Represent categories or qualities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a dependent variable?

<p>It is the variable that is measured or observed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

<p>Temperature in a room (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In research, what is the role of moderator variables?

<p>To mediate the relationship between independent and dependent variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pilot Study

A small-scale trial of a research procedure or experiment before a larger study to identify potential problems and refine the design.

Group Testing

Testing research subjects in a group simultaneously, leading to greater efficiency.

Research Design

A plan or framework for conducting research, detailing the overall strategy and methods.

Research Tools

Instruments used to gather data for scientific observation and measurement in research, like questionnaires, interviews, etc.

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Questionnaires, Interviews

Common tools used to collect data by asking participants for information.

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Summarizing Results

Process to condense research data for analysis and interpretation, employing tabular (numerical) or graphical methods.

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Tabular Method

A data summarization approach using tables and numerical representation

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Graphical Method

Data summarization approach using visuals like charts and graphs to represent data

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Statistical Analysis

Process of examining numerical data to discover patterns or draw conclusions.

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Parametric Statistic

A type of statistical test assuming specific data characteristics.

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Non-parametric Statistic

A type of statistical test that doesn't assume specific data characteristics.

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Null Hypothesis

A statement of no effect or relationship in statistical analysis.

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Level of Significance

The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis (e.g., 0.05 or 0.01).

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Alpha Level

The accepted level of significance in testing.

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Types of Educational Research

Educational research can be categorized into historical, descriptive, and experimental research.

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Historical Research

Examines past events to understand current situations and trends.

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Descriptive Research

Describes existing conditions and often explores relationships without manipulating variables.

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Experimental Research

Focuses on variable relationships by manipulating one or more variables to determine effect.

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Drawing Conclusions in Research

Generalizing research findings to a wider population and generating predictions about future situations.

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Research Problem

The question or issue being investigated in research.

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Non-experimental Research

Research that does not manipulate variables but aims to uncover relationships.

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Variable Relationship

The connection between different factors in a research study.

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Fundamental Research

Research aimed at developing theories or models by understanding relationships between variables. It seeks broader generalizations and principles.

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Applied Research

Research focused on solving practical problems or improving real-world situations by applying existing knowledge or theories.

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What's the difference between Fundamental and Applied Research?

Fundamental research focuses on building general knowledge and theories, while applied research aims to use existing knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Variable

A characteristic, condition, or attribute that can be measured and varies among individuals or objects.

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Dependent Variable

The outcome or effect being measured in an experiment. It's the variable that is expected to change in response to the independent variable.

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Independent Variable

The variable that the researcher manipulates or changes in an experiment to see its effect on the dependent variable.

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Qualitative Variable

A variable that describes qualities or categories, such as gender, race, or opinion.

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Quantitative Variable

A variable that can be measured numerically, such as height, weight, or age.

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Continuous Variable

A variable that can take on any value within a given range, such as height, weight, or temperature.

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Discrete Variable

A variable that can only take on specific values, usually whole numbers, such as the number of children in a family.

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Study Notes

Adoption of Consistent Procedures

  • Consistency within and between conditions: Crucial in study design. Requires careful planning.
  • Instructions: Clear explanation of tasks is necessary for consistent subject responses. Experimenters should clearly define the sequence of events and stimuli.
  • Automation: Reduces inconsistency in stimulus presentation. Electronic timers and projectors are preferred over manual methods.
  • Pilot studies: Miniaturized versions of the final study, testing procedures and subject responses. Helps determine clarity of instructions, feasibility within time constraints and ensures the manipulation works effectively. Also useful for identifying potential flaws in the equipment or procedure.
  • Group testing: More efficient for data collection. Subjects are tested in the same condition simultaneously, but this can lead to distractions from other subjects. Careful control needed to minimize confounding issues.
  • Manipulation checks: Measurements to evaluate if the independent variable has effectively influenced the subject's behavior. Conducted after the task.
    • Used to verify that the manipulation of the independent variable has the intended influence on another variable.

Phases or Stages in Research

  • Research is a demanding process but certain steps can ensure smooth progress.
  • Research is a tedious and time-consuming task, but following specific steps simplifies the process.

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Description

Test your understanding of consistent procedures in research design. This quiz covers various aspects such as the importance of clear instructions, automation in stimulus presentation, and the use of pilot studies. Ensure you grasp how these elements contribute to effective data collection and minimize inconsistencies.

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