Podcast
Questions and Answers
Exploratory research is conducted when there is a lot of existing knowledge about a topic.
Exploratory research is conducted when there is a lot of existing knowledge about a topic.
False
Descriptive research seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
Descriptive research seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
False
Correlational research manipulates variables to examine their relationships.
Correlational research manipulates variables to examine their relationships.
False
Qualitative research primarily uses objective measurement tools for data collection.
Qualitative research primarily uses objective measurement tools for data collection.
Signup and view all the answers
Quantitative research makes generalizations to a larger population based on numerical data.
Quantitative research makes generalizations to a larger population based on numerical data.
Signup and view all the answers
Causal-comparative research is also known as correlational research.
Causal-comparative research is also known as correlational research.
Signup and view all the answers
Probability sampling ensures that each member of the population has a known probability of being selected for the sample.
Probability sampling ensures that each member of the population has a known probability of being selected for the sample.
Signup and view all the answers
Experimental research is typically unstructured and relies on qualitative methods.
Experimental research is typically unstructured and relies on qualitative methods.
Signup and view all the answers
Non-probability sampling involves knowing the probability of selecting each member of the population.
Non-probability sampling involves knowing the probability of selecting each member of the population.
Signup and view all the answers
Surveys can only be conducted through written questionnaires.
Surveys can only be conducted through written questionnaires.
Signup and view all the answers
Inferential statistics can be used to draw conclusions about a population from a sample.
Inferential statistics can be used to draw conclusions about a population from a sample.
Signup and view all the answers
Confidentiality and anonymity are not important ethical considerations in research.
Confidentiality and anonymity are not important ethical considerations in research.
Signup and view all the answers
Reliability refers to the ability of a study to measure what it intends to measure.
Reliability refers to the ability of a study to measure what it intends to measure.
Signup and view all the answers
Independent variables are the ones that are measured to observe changes during an experiment.
Independent variables are the ones that are measured to observe changes during an experiment.
Signup and view all the answers
A case study is an in-depth investigation of a specific individual, group, or phenomenon.
A case study is an in-depth investigation of a specific individual, group, or phenomenon.
Signup and view all the answers
Research limitations should always be acknowledged to understand potential weaknesses of the study.
Research limitations should always be acknowledged to understand potential weaknesses of the study.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Research Design
- A research design provides a framework for a study, outlining the strategy for data collection and analysis to address research questions.
- It considers variables, sampling, data collection methods, and analysis procedures.
- Different designs suit various research purposes and questions.
Types of Research Designs
- Exploratory Research: Aims to understand phenomena, often used for preliminary or pilot studies.
- Descriptive Research: Describes characteristics or patterns in a population, using methods like surveys and case studies.
- Correlational Research: Examines relationships between variables without manipulation, e.g., correlation between study hours and exam scores.
- Causal-Comparative Research: Investigates cause-and-effect by comparing groups with differing experiences or treatments, e.g., comparing student performance in different school districts.
- Experimental Research: Establishes cause-and-effect by manipulating independent variables and measuring dependent variables, such as testing a new drug.
Qualitative Research
- Qualitative research explores how individuals or groups understand their experiences and actions.
- Key methods include in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and document analysis.
- Data analysis identifies patterns and themes inductively.
Quantitative Research
- Quantitative research uses measurement and testing to establish relationships and generalize to larger populations.
- Numerical data is collected, and statistical methods are used in analysis.
- It involves structured approaches and objective measurements.
Sampling Techniques
- Probability Sampling: Each population member has a known chance of selection, like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling.
- Non-probability Sampling: The probability of selection isn't known, such as convenience, purposive, or snowball sampling.
Data Collection Methods
- Surveys: Use questionnaires or interviews to collect data.
- Experiments: Manipulate independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables.
- Observations: Systematically record behaviors or events.
- Case Studies: In-depth investigations of individuals, groups, or phenomena.
- Focus Groups: Structured discussions with a group.
Data Analysis Techniques
- Descriptive Statistics: Summarize and describe data (mean, median, mode, standard deviation).
- Inferential Statistics: Draw conclusions about a population from sample data (t-tests, ANOVA, regression).
- Qualitative Data Analysis: Identify patterns, themes, and meanings in qualitative data (coding, thematic analysis).
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Protect participants' rights and well-being.
- Ensure informed consent.
- Maintain confidentiality and anonymity.
- Avoid harm and bias.
- Adhere to ethical guidelines.
Validity and Reliability
- Validity: Measures what it intends to.
- Reliability: Consistent results when repeated.
Variables
- Independent Variable: Manipulated by the researcher.
- Dependent Variable: Measured to observe the independent variable's effect.
- Control Variables: Kept constant to avoid confounding results.
Research Limitations
- Acknowledge study restrictions and potential weaknesses, like sample size, data quality, affecting generalizability.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the essential concepts of research design in this quiz. Learn about various types of research methods such as exploratory, descriptive, correlational, and causal-comparative designs. Understand how each design serves different research purposes and questions.
