Qualitative Research Design & Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary source of qualitative research data?

Participant observation (correct)

Web surveys

Quantitative questionnaires

Secondary data analysis

What type of sampling is based on the availability of subjects?

Snowball sampling

Stratified sampling

Convenience sampling (correct)

Purposive sampling

Which of the following reflects the ethical principle of analytical transparency?

Using random sampling techniques

Maintaining participant confidentiality

Providing evidence for claims made (correct)

Collecting multiple forms of data

What is the aim of qualitative research?

To gain novel insights into complex phenomena Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT typically part of a data management plan?

Preparation of visual data formats Signup and view all the answers

What does the sample frame in research signify?

The defined population and access methods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of a purposeful sampling plan?

Criterion-based selection Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the sample size in qualitative research?

The influence of participant demographics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'do no harm' principle in research ethics?

Protecting the well-being of research participants Signup and view all the answers

In what context are interviews used as a preparatory tool?

To gather initial insights into a new research field Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interview is primarily structured to guide responses and confirm existing theories?

Confirmatory interview Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for conducting exploratory interviews in research?

To refine concepts and identify fruitful research avenues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question prompts an interviewee to elaborate on their thoughts without leading them?

Open-ended question Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of probes in interviews?

To request clarification or deeper insight into responses Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical perspective on interviews aims at accessing pre-existing knowledge of participants?

Minor perspective Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary skill required for effectively conducting interviews?

Establishing rapport with interviewees Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Qualitative Data Collection: Research Design & Methods

Qualitative research aims to understand phenomena difficult to measure, using various data types: oral, textual, visual, and audible.
Primary data sources include participant data (interviews, focus groups, observation), archival data (historical accounts, publications), and arts-based data (photovoice, co-creation).

Sampling in Qualitative Research

Sampling plans are crucial, directly tied to research goals and analysis.
Non-random sampling methods include:
- Purposeful sampling (criteria-based selection, convenience sampling).
Sampling considerations include: theoretical population, study population, sample, sample frame, scope conditions, and selection criteria.
- Factors like sample diversity and symbolic representation influence selection.
- Sample size considerations include diminishing returns (saturation) and resources.
- Sample frames can be existing or generated.

Research Transparency & Ethics

Ethical principles in qualitative research include:
- Production transparency: documenting data collection procedures.
- Analytical transparency: clearly outlining how conclusions are drawn from data.
- Data access: making data and supporting materials available.

Ethical Principles for Research Participants

Key ethical principles include:
- Do no harm, informed consent.
- Confidentiality/anonymity, participation/withdrawal.
- Self-reflexivity (recognizing researcher-participant relationships).
- Data archiving/privacy and transparency/gratitude.

In-Depth Interviews (IDIs)

IDIs serve various research purposes:
- Preparatory: initial orientation in a new research area.
- Systematizing: gathering descriptive evidence.
- Exploratory/theory-generating: generating theory inductively.
- Confirmatory/theory-testing: testing theories deductively.
IDIs can be used at different stages of research:
- Preliminary: identifying research avenues, refining concepts.
- Main study: testing hypotheses, gathering rich data.
- Multi-method research: triangulating with other methods.
Interviewee types include: experts, elites, and non-elites.
Interview approaches:
- Philosophical perspectives on doing interviews
  - Minor perspective: accessing pre-existing knowledge, digging for nuggets, post-positivism.
  - Traveler perspective: participating in knowledge generation, interpretivism.
- Different interview types (unstructured, semi-structured, structured) and question types.
- Interview techniques (mapping questions, open-ended questions, probes, prompts, etc.)

Conducting Interviews

Effective interviewing involves establishing rapport, active listening, responding/rephrasing, and flexible questioning.
Skills necessary for successful interviews include:
- Rapport-building.
- Active listening & note-taking.
- Language proficiency & intuition.
- Flexibility & adaptability.

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Description

Explore the essentials of qualitative research design and sampling methods in this quiz. Understand the significance of qualitative data collection techniques and the various forms it can take. Test your knowledge on sampling strategies, including non-random methods and factors influencing sample selection.