Research Citations and Validity

Citation Formats

• A parenthetical citation typically includes the author's last name and the year of publication in parentheses.
• The citation style that combines the author's last name with the year of publication is often referred to as APA (American Psychological Association).

Definitions and Their Uses

• Technical definitions provide precise meanings of terms used in specific fields or disciplines, ensuring clarity and consistency.
• A formal definition consists of two main parts: the term being defined and its class or category, followed by distinguishing characteristics.
• Informal definitions utilize familiar words or relatable examples to clarify an unfamiliar term, making it easier for the reader to understand.

Types of Definitions

• An operational definition specifies the procedures or methods used to measure or define a concept, providing context for how it is applied in research.
• The purpose of an extended definition is to elaborate on a term by providing comprehensive explanations, examples, and context, allowing for deeper understanding.

Academic Integrity

• Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property without proper attribution, and it is considered a serious ethical breach in academia.

Research Papers

• Defining the scope of investigation in a research paper establishes the boundaries of the study, clarifying what will and will not be included, which helps to focus the research.

Claims of Fact

• A claim of fact is characterized by asserting that something is true or false, based on evidence, observations, or data, often subject to verification or refutation.

Learn about the importance of giving credit to information owners through citations and understand the concept of validity in research. Explore the different types of citations and the significance of ensuring well-founded and accurate conclusions in research.