Research and Spanish Colonization in the Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of research as described?

  • To systematically investigate and study materials. (correct)
  • To entertain audiences with storytelling.
  • To create artistic representations.
  • To promote religious practices.

    • Which group in the casta system was subjected to a quadrupled tax?

  • Mestizajes
  • Sangley (correct)
  • Indios
  • Insulares

    • What was one of the exemptions from forced labor under the polo system?

  • Obtaining a degree.
  • Moving to another province.
  • Payment of a fine. (correct)
  • Enrolling in the military.

    • Which factor contributed to the outcome of the Cavite Mutiny?

    <p>Conflict over the ordainment of Filipino priests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of labor was required from Filipino men aged 16-60 under the polo system?

    <p>Forced labor for a specified duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant issue regarding land ownership did Rizal's family face?

    <p>Facing exploitative practices by the Dominicans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is particularly associated with Cavite?

    <p>Tinapa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known historical significance of Cavite?

    <p>It owns Corregidor Island, a naval defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons for writing Noli Me Tangere?

    <p>To depict Filipinos facing struggles similar to the wealthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was inspired by Noli Me Tangere to advocate for independence?

    <p>Andres Bonifacio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the title 'Noli Me Tangere' translate to in English?

    <p>Do not touch me.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the protagonist of Noli Me Tangere?

    <p>Crisostomo Ibarra, who learns about the misfortunes of his family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did some friars in Noli Me Tangere exploit their positions?

    <p>Through manipulative and abusive practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which literary style is primarily used in Noli Me Tangere?

    <p>Fiction and satire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Marcelo del Pilar take in relation to Noli Me Tangere?

    <p>He defended the novel against its critics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was Noli Me Tangere originally published?

    <ol start="1887"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to people who work outside their country, including Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)?

    <p>Expatriates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character in Noli Me Tangere is an ilustrado who returns to the Philippines?

    <p>Crisostomo Ibarra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the title 'Noli Me Tangere' translate to in English?

    <p>Touch me not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was Noli Me Tangere published?

    <p>1887</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one motivation for ilustrados to study abroad during the Spanish Occupation?

    <p>To escape persecution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genre best describes Noli Me Tangere?

    <p>Historical fiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theme in Noli Me Tangere is represented by the character Maria Clara?

    <p>Filipina influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literary device is primarily used in Noli Me Tangere to critique the Roman Catholic Church?

    <p>Satire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Definition

    • Research is a systematic method used to investigate and study materials to establish facts and conclusions.
    • One way to obtain information is through interviews, involving an interchange of questions and answers.

    The Philippines During Spanish Colonization

    • The Philippines had established cultures, traditions, religions, and laws before Spanish colonization.
    • The Philippines had trade relations with countries like China and Indonesia.
    • Spain’s arrival brought significant changes, including the implementation of a taxation system and the establishment of the casta system.

    The Casta System

    • The Casta System categorized people based on ancestry and assigned specific tax obligations.
    • Tax-Free: Peninsulares (born in Spain), Americano (born in Latin America), Insulares (born in the Philippines)
    • Variable Tax: Mestizaje (mixed race), including Mestizo de Español, Mestizo de Bombay, Mestizo de Sangley, Tornatras
    • Quadrupled Tax: Sangley (Chinese)
    • Base Tax: Indio (Filipino), Negrito

    Forced Labor: Polo and Bandala

    • Polo was forced labor for Filipino men aged 16-60, initially for 40 days, later reduced to 15 days.
    • Filipinos could be exempt from Polo by paying a fine (falla) or working off the debt.

    Land Ownership and Peasantry

    • Rizal's family faced land ownership issues in Calamba due to the exploitative practices of the Dominicans.
    • Agrarian problems, particularly with land ownership, were exacerbated during the Spanish occupation.

    The Cavite Mutiny

    • The Cavite Mutiny resulted from the civil war in Spain and the expulsion of the Jesuits.
    • It was fueled by the conflict over the ordination of Filipino priests (secularization issue).
    • The execution of Filipino priests Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora further fueled the drive for independence.

    Cavite: Location and Products

    • Cavite is located in the southern part of Luzon island in the Philippines.
    • Tinapa (smoked fish), is a widely exported product from Cavite.

    Cavite: Historical Significance

    • Cavite owns Corregidor Island, a vital naval defense for the Philippines.
    • Cavite is known as the "Land of the Brave" and the "History Capital" of the Philippines due to its significant role in the country's history.
    • Emilio Aguinaldo, the first President of the Philippines, was from Cavite.

    Expatriates

    • Expatriates are people who work outside their country of origin.
    • In the Philippines, expatriates include Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs).
    • The concept of expatriates dates back to the Spanish Occupation with the ilustrados being early examples.

    Reasons for Expatriates

    • Some Filipinos studied abroad to escape persecution for opposing the friars.
    • The Philippines lacked educational opportunities, prompting many to study abroad.
    • The ilustrados sought to modernize and campaign for reforms in the colonial government.

    Noli Me Tangere

    • Noli Me Tangere translates to "Touch me not" or "Don't cling to me," from the Bible.
    • The novel was published in 1887.
    • The novel has 63 chapters, with some modern editions including an extra chapter about Elias.

    Noli Me Tangere: Characters

    • The novel's protagonist is Crisostomo Ibarra, an ilustrado who returns to the Philippines and learns about the tragedies that befell his loved ones.
    • The antagonists are corrupt friars and members of the blancos (top three members of the Spanish casta system).

    Noli Me Tangere: Literary Style and Genre

    • Noli Me Tangere is a fictional novel with real and imagined elements, depicting life in the Philippines with added fictional places and characters.
    • The novel uses satire, exaggeration, humor, and irony to expose the vices of the Roman Catholic Church, the colonial government, and the peninsulares.

    Noli Me Tangere: Themes and Morals

    • The novel highlights the influence of Filipina culture, exemplified by Maria Clara.
    • The novel emphasizes gratitude, demonstrated by characters like Basilio, who shows gratitude despite hardships.
    • Noli Me Tangere promotes nationalism by awakening Filipinos to social injustices.

    Noli Me Tangere: Reasons for Writing

    • Rizal aimed to disprove accusations against Filipinos by portraying them as ordinary people facing challenges similar to the wealthy.
    • Noli Me Tangere exposes the true social conditions of the Philippines.
    • The novel unveils the manipulative and abusive practices of some friars.

    Noli Me Tangere: Impact on Nationalism

    • Andres Bonifacio was inspired by the novel to form the Katipunan and fight for independence.
    • Marcelo del Pilar countered criticism of the novel by writing an article in its defense.
    • Lualhati Bautista wrote Dekada '70 to depict the struggles during Martial Law, inspired by Rizal's work.

    Expatriate Definition

    • Etymology:
      • Ex (Latin) meaning "Out"
      • Patros (Greek) meaning "Father"
      • Patriotes (Greek) meaning "Someone devoted to his country"
      • Therefore, an expatriate is someone who lives outside their designated country.

    Novel Definition

    • Etymology:
      • Novus (Latin) meaning "New"
      • Therefore, a novel is a new, longer piece of narrative fiction, often in prose.

    Noli Me Tangere: Basic Information

    • Title: Noli Me Tangere
    • Publication Year: 1887
    • Chapters: 64
    • Main Protagonist: Crisostomo Ibarra
    • Main Antagonists: Corrupt Friars (mainly Dominicans and Franciscans), and members of the Blancos ( the top three members of the Spanish Casta System)
    • Literary Style: Fiction, Satire
    • Inspiration: To expose social cancers in the Philippines
    • Emphasis: Filipina devotion, gratitude, and Filipino common sense

    The Noli Me Tangere Title

    • The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase meaning "Touch me not" or "Don't cling to me."
    • This phrase originates from the Bible and refers to Jesus' response to Mary Magdalene.

    Noli Me Tangere: Publication Background

    • Noli Me Tangere was originally published in Europe in 1887.
    • Rizal took on the writing of Noli Me Tangere after his ilustrado friends put off the task.

    Noli Me Tangere: Characters

    • Protagonist: Crisostomo Ibarra: An ilustrado who returns to the Philippines and learns about the tragedies that befell his loved ones.
    • Antagonists: Corrupt friars ( mainly Dominicans and Franciscans) and members of the Blancos ( the top three members of the Spanish casta system).

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    Description

    Explore the systematic methods of research and the historical context of the Philippines during Spanish colonization. Learn about the Casta system and its impact on society and taxation. This quiz covers important cultural exchanges and social classifications during this era.

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