Questions and Answers
What are the 3 Main Search Categories?
What is the most effective search strategy among the main search categories?
The most effective search strategy should blend all available resources into a logical sequence.
Physical Search requires search specialists and unique electronic equipment.
False
What are the limitations of Physical Search?
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What are the 4 Types of Collapse Patterns?
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What results from a Lean-To Collapse?
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What is formed during a V-Shape Collapse?
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What type of collapse results in a layering effect?
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What is a Cantilever Collapse?
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What are the five major functions that The ICS System is divided into?
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What is an important safety measure during rope rescue operations?
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What does the term 'Belay' refer to?
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Which position is a critical link in the safe operation of the belay/safety line system?
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The 'Edge Position' must be filled prior to beginning rope rescue operations.
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What is the maximum length of a vertical post of a spot shore?
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What is the maximum separation distance of individual Rakers?
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Study Notes
Search Categories
- Three main search categories in rescue operations: Physical Search, US&R Canine Search, and Technical Search.
- Blending all resources into a logical sequence enhances search effectiveness.
Physical Search
- Utilizes readily available resources to cover large areas quickly; does not require specialists or unique equipment.
- Volunteers can be employed for this type of search.
- Most effective during daylight; requires proximity to danger areas.
- Limited access to voids within structures.
Collapse Patterns
- Four types of collapse patterns: Lean-To, "V"-Shape, Pancake, and Cantilever.
- Lean-To Collapse: Creates a triangular void considered survivable; occurs when a wall failure leads to roof or floor sections falling to one side.
- V-Shape Collapse: Formed when flooring collapses in the center, creating two voids on either side.
- Pancake Collapse: Results from multiple layers of floors/roofs collapsing, yielding limited access and small void spaces.
- Cantilever Collapse: Occurs when a wall collapses, leaving one end of the structure unsupported, necessitating extensive shoring for safety.
Incident Command System (ICS)
- ICS divided into five major functions: Command, Finance/Administration, Logistics, Operations, and Planning.
- Key for organizing and managing emergency situations.
Rope Rescue Operations
- Safety during rope rescue requires a backup line (belay/safety line) to catch loads if the main line fails.
- The "Edge" position is critical and must be filled before initiating operations in rope rescues.
Building Material Weights
- Wood: 35 pounds per cubic foot (PCF)
- Masonry: 125 PCF
- Concrete: 150 PCF
- Steel: 490 PCF
Load Carrying Capacity
- Weight-bearing capability of lumber contact points is about 500 psi, with a 3.5" contact area yielding over 6,000 pounds.
- Crib beds should not exceed three times the height of the cribbing used.
Breaking and Breaching Operations
- Key considerations: collapse potential, material assessment, effects of cutting, and potential victims on the opposite side.
- Rectangular openings are not recommended in masonry to avoid reducing structural integrity; circular breaches are preferred.
Ladder Systems
- 12'-16' straight ladders are optimal for rescue operations.
- All ladder systems should typically utilize a rope system except for the Moving Ladder Slide.
- Anchor point positions and angles are crucial for safety and effectiveness in ladder rescues.
Raker Shores
- Used to support leaning walls by transferring lateral forces to the ground, must be installed in pairs.
- Maximum length for a vertical post in a spot shore is 10 feet, with header and sole plates capped at 3 feet.
General Considerations
- Structure collapse hazards can be mitigated by avoidance, removal, shoring, or monitoring.
- Effectiveness of materials and methods is essential for ensuring the safety of both rescuers and victims in operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the three main search categories in rescue systems with these flashcards. Explore the specifics of Physical Search, US&R Canine Search, and Technical Search, including their effectiveness and applications in rescue operations.
