Requirements for Ideal Root Canal Filling Material

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate melting temperature of alpha phase Gutta Percha (GP)?

Above 65˚C

What is the percentage of ZO powder in Gutta Percha cones?

60-75%

What is the function of metal sulphates in Gutta Percha cones?

To make it radio-opaque

What is the advantage of Gutta Percha?

Its dimensional stability Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of Gutta Percha?

Its lack of rigidity Signup and view all the answers

What is Gutta Flow?

A system that uses Gutta Percha powder incorporated into resin-based sealer Signup and view all the answers

What is the cooling rate of beta phase Gutta Percha?

0.5°C/h Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of waxes and resins in Gutta Percha cones?

To act as plasticizers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for an ideal root canal filling material to seal the root canal?

laterally and apically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between rubber and gutta percha?

different chemical structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tree from which gutta percha is harvested?

Palaquium gutta Signup and view all the answers

What is the commercial form of gutta percha?

Beta form Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using gutta percha as a root canal filling material?

it is easily introduced into the canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal state of a root canal filling material before insertion?

sterile Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of shrinkage on a root canal filling material?

it leads to canal leakage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a root canal filling material being radiopaque?

to facilitate X-ray visibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of calcium hydroxide-based sealers?

Highly soluble Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sealer has excellent adhesion to the canal wall?

Glass ionomer-based sealers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of silicone-based sealers?

Low viscosity and excellent flow Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of medicated sealers?

Their dissolution breaks the seal Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Guttaflo?

Cold flowable injection system Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of glass ionomer-based sealers?

Difficult in retreatment Signup and view all the answers

What type of sealer is ACTIV GP?

Glass ionomer-based sealer Signup and view all the answers

What is a category of resin sealers?

Epoxy resin sealers Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of Silver Cones?

99.9% silver, 0.1% Nickel + copper Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Root Canal Sealer?

To fill the micro irregularities and minor discrepancies between the root canal wall and the core filling material Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of Resilon over gutta-percha?

It provides a better coronal seal and may strengthen the root Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement of an ideal Root Canal Sealer?

It should be bacteriostatic and provide a fluid tight seal Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of Silver Cones?

They can corrode and cause tissue irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Root Canal Sealer based on Zinc oxide and Eugenol?

Zinc oxide Eugenol based sealer Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of Zinc oxide & Eugenol sealers?

They have good sealing potential and antimicrobial properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a Root Canal Sealer in terms of accessory canals?

To fill accessory canals Signup and view all the answers

What is a common disadvantage of methacrylate resin sealers like AH26?

Tooth discoloration after treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of bioceramic sealers in terms of bonding?

They contain calcium phosphate, which enhances sealer-to-root dentin bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the methods of sealer placement?

By coating the master gutta-percha cone Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'string out test' in testing sealer mix?

To check the sealer's ability to string out at least one inch Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of methacrylate resin sealers?

They have antimicrobial properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of bioceramic sealers?

They are expensive Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'drop test' in testing sealer mix?

To check the sealer's ability to hold its shape for at least 12 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of bioceramic sealers in terms of physical properties?

They do not shrink on setting Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ideal Root Canal Filling Material

Should be easily introduced into the root canal
Should seal the canal laterally and apically
Should not shrink after being inserted
Should be impervious to moisture
Should be bacteriostatic or at least not encourage bacterial growth
Should be radiopaque
Should not stain tooth structure
Should not irritate periradicular tissue
Should be sterile, or easily and quickly sterilized, immediately before insertion

Materials Used for Root Canal Filling

Semisolid materials: Gutta Percha, Resilon
Solid materials: Silver points
Cements and pastes: Sealers, MTA, Calcium phosphate, Gutta-flow

Gutta Percha

A rubbery material harvested from certain trees (Palaquium gutta)
An isomer with rubber (same chemical formula, different chemical structure)
Exists in two crystalline forms: Alpha and Beta
Properties differ between the two forms due to difference in cooling rates
Beta form is most commonly used commercially
Composition of Gutta Percha cones:
- Gutta Percha (18-22%)
- ZO powder (60-75%)
- Waxes and resins (1-4%)
- Metal sulphates (1-18%)
Classified into standardized and non-standardized forms
Medicated Gutta Percha cones available
Can be used with obtura system or in syringe form (Success fil, Alphaseal)

Advantages of Gutta Percha

Compactability
Dimensional stability
Inert and tissue tolerance
Plasticity
Radioopacity
Ease of removal from root canal

Disadvantages of Gutta Percha

Lack of rigidity
Lack of length control
Lack of adhesiveness

Silver Cones

Composition: 99.9% silver, 0.1% Nickel + copper
Advantages:
- Rigid
- Easily placed
- Can be precurved
Disadvantages:
- Lack of adaptation
- Corrosion and tissue irritation
- Can't be dissolved in organic solvents

Resilon

A resin-based obturation system
Alternative to Gutta Percha
Consists of a resin core and resin sealer
Bonds to resin sealer, which attaches to etched root surface forming a "Monoblock"
Provides better coronal seal and may strengthen the root

Root Canal Sealer

Definition: Material used to fill micro irregularities and minor discrepancies between the core filling material and the root canal wall
Functions:
- Fills canal irregularity and minor discrepancies
- Acts as a lubricant and aids in seating of cones
- Fills accessory canals
- Antimicrobial
Requirements of an ideal sealer:
- Adhesive to canal wall and filling materials
- Provides fluid-tight seal
- Radiopaque
- Bacteriostatic
- Soluble in common solvents
- Sets slowly during working time
- Particles of powder should be very fine

Classifications of Root Canal Sealer

Zinc oxide Eugenol based sealers
Calcium hydroxide-based sealer
Medicated root canal sealer
Glass ionomer-based sealer
Silicon-based sealer
Resin-based sealer

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