Requirements Engineering Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does a Data Flow Diagram (DFD) primarily illustrate?

  • The programming languages used in development
  • The architecture of the software system
  • How data moves through a system (correct)
  • The user interface design of the application

What is represented by an open-ended rectangle in a Data Flow Diagram?

  • A process
  • A data flow
  • A data store (correct)
  • An external entity

Which DFD level provides a high-level overview of the system and shows a single process?

  • Level 2 DFD
  • Level 1 DFD
  • Context Diagram (correct)
  • Detailed DFD

What is a sub-process in the context of a Data Flow Diagram?

<p>A smaller component of a main process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the term 'collaboration' in a software system?

<p>The interaction among multiple components to achieve a common goal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Elicitation Phase in the requirements cycle?

<p>To gather user needs and expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves examining organized requirements to identify gaps, conflicts, and priorities?

<p>Analysis Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Non-functional Requirement?

<p>It includes criteria for performance and security of the system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves selecting a representative subset of users to understand broader requirements?

<p>Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Joint Requirement Planning?

<p>To collaboratively agree on the requirements among stakeholders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is used to organize ideas and requirements into groups based on their natural relationships?

<p>Affinity Diagrams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity is involved in System Prototyping?

<p>Creating a preliminary version of the system for user feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to identify the root causes of problems affecting system requirements?

<p>Cause and Effect Analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Pareto diagram?

<p>To represent the frequency of problems or requirements for prioritization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Quality Function Deployment (QFD) primarily focus on?

<p>Ensuring customer requirements are met during design and development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a physical piece of information used or produced by a component?

<p>Artifact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does encapsulation in a component achieve?

<p>It restricts access to certain components while bundling data and methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an interface in the context of component interaction?

<p>A specific point of interaction for providing and requiring services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is modularity best described?

<p>The degree of separation and recombination of a system's components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options defines a dependency in component architecture?

<p>A relationship indicating one component relies on another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a component diagram in UML?

<p>It focuses on the components of a system and their relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Requirements Engineering

  • Elicitation Phase: Initial stage where user needs and expectations are gathered.
  • Organization Phase: Collected requirements are structured and categorized for analysis.
  • Analysis Phase: Organized requirements are examined for gaps, conflicts, and priorities.
  • Specification Phase: Final stage where analyzed requirements are documented for implementation.
  • User Requirements: Statements in natural language describing what the system should do from the user's perspective.
  • Functional Requirements: Specific behaviors or functions that the system must perform detailing what the system should accomplish.
  • Non-functional Requirements: Criteria that specify how a system performs a function including performance, usability, reliability, and security.

Requirements Gathering Techniques

  • Sampling: Gathering data by selecting a representative subset of users or situations.
  • Research and Site Visiting: Studying existing systems and environments where the new system will operate.
  • Observation of Work Environment: Watching users interact with current systems in their natural settings.
  • Questionnaires: Structured forms used to collect information from users about their needs and expectations.
  • Interviews: Direct conversations with users to gather in-depth insights about their requirements and experiences.
  • System Prototyping: Creating a preliminary version of the system to visualize and refine requirements through user feedback.
  • Joint Requirement Planning: Collaborative approach where stakeholders discuss and agree on requirements.

Requirements Analysis Techniques

  • Affinity Diagrams: Organizing ideas and requirements into groups based on their natural relationships.
  • Cause and Effect Analysis: Identifying the root causes of problems and their effects on system requirements.
  • Force-Field Analysis: Identifying and analyzing the forces that support or hinder a change or requirement.
  • Pareto Diagram: A bar graph representing the frequency of problems or requirements, helping to prioritize them based on impact.
  • Quality Function Deployment (QFD): A structured approach to ensuring that customer requirements are met throughout the design and development process.

Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE)

  • Component: A modular part of a system that encapsulates its contents and can be replaced independently within its environment.
  • Interface: A defined set of operations that a component exposes to other components, allowing them to interact.
  • Provided Interface: An interface that a component offers to other components, indicating the services it provides.
  • Required Interface: An interface that a component needs from other components to function properly.
  • Dependency: A relationship that indicates one component relies on another to perform its functions.
  • Port: A specific point of interaction on a component where interfaces are provided or required.
  • Component Diagram: A UML diagram illustrating the components of a system and their relationships, focusing on the system's architecture.

More Component-Based Concepts

  • Node: A physical element that represents a computational resource in a system, such as a server or device.
  • Artifact: A physical piece of information that is used or produced by a component, such as a file or database.
  • Stereotype: A mechanism in UML that allows the extension of the vocabulary of UML by creating new types of modeling elements.
  • Subsystem: A group of related components that work together to perform a specific function within a larger system.
  • Connector: A link that facilitates communication between components, often represented as a line in a diagram.
  • Deployment: The process of distributing and installing components in a specific environment or on specific nodes.

Software Architecture Concepts

  • Architecture: The overall structure of a system, including its components, their relationships, and the principles guiding its design.
  • Modularity: The degree to which a system's components can be separated and recombined, promoting flexibility and reusability.
  • Encapsulation: The bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (component), restricting access to some of the object's components.
  • Service: A function or operation provided by a component that can be accessed through its interfaces.
  • Behavior: The actions or operations that a component can perform, often defined by its interfaces.
  • Collaboration: The interaction between components to achieve a common goal or functionality within the system.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

  • UML: A standardized modeling language used to specify, visualize, and document the artifacts of a software system.

Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

  • Data Flow Diagram (DFD): A visual representation of how data moves through a system, illustrating the processes, data stores, and data flows between them.
  • Level 0 DFD (Context Diagram): Provides a high-level overview of the system, showing a single process and its interactions with external entities.
  • Level 1 DFD: Breaks down the main process from the Level 0 DFD into sub-processes, showing how data flows between them and external entities.
  • Level 2 DFD: Further decomposes one of the sub-processes from the Level 1 DFD, illustrating specific tasks and their data flows.
  • Process: A function or activity that transforms input data into output data within the system.
  • Data Store: A repository where data is stored for later use.
  • External Entity: An outside actor that interacts with the system.
  • Data Flow: The movement of data between processes, data stores, and external entities.
  • Sub-process: A smaller, more detailed process that is part of a larger process.
  • Context Diagram: Another term for Level 0 DFD, providing a simplified view of the system.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential phases of requirements engineering including elicitation, organization, analysis, and specification. It also explores various requirements types, such as user, functional, and non-functional requirements, as well as techniques for gathering requirements like sampling and site visiting.

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