Republic Act 1425: Rizal Law

• Republic Act 1425, also known as the Rizal Law, mandates the study of Rizal.
• Senator Claro M. Recto proposed Senate Bill No. 438 on April 3, 1956.
• Senator Jose P. Laurel sponsored the "Noli-Fili" Bill (Senate Bill No. 438) on April 17, 1956.
• The "Noli-Fili" Bill aimed to spread Jose Rizal's ideas through his novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
• The Catholic Church opposed the Noli-Fili Bill, viewing it as an attempt to discredit the Catholic religion.
• Father Jesus Cavanna argued against teaching Rizal's novels in schools.
• From Noli Me Tangere's 333 pages, 25 passages were considered nationalistic, while 120 were deemed anti-Catholic.
• The Catholic Church found 170 lines from Noli Me Tangere and 50 lines from El Filibusterismo offensive to Catholic doctrine.
• Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales filed House Bill 5561, a similar bill, on April 19, 1956.
• Senator Jose P. Laurel proposed a substitute bill that included a wider range of Rizal's works and made reading them optional.
• The unexpurgated versions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were to be read by college or university students.
• Senate Bill No. 438 and House Bill No. 5561 were unanimously approved in May 1956.
• President Ramon Magsaysay signed the bill into law on June 12, 1956, creating Republic Act 1425 or the Rizal Law.
• The Rizal Law aims to rededicate the youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, pay tribute to Rizal, and gain patriotism through his works.
• El Filibusterismo is also known as "The Reign of Greed".
• Noli Me Tangere translates to "Touch Me Not".
• Ambeth Ocampo questions the authenticity of the poem attributed to Rizal due to the lack of an original manuscript and its posthumous publication.
• Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna and died on Dec 31, 1896 at 7:03 AM..
• He was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes, with Fr. Pedro Casanas as his godfather and Royal Decree 1849 was by Gov. General Narcisso Claveria.
• Rizal's father was Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898), who studied in San Jose College, Manila.
• Rizal's mother was Teodora Alonso Realonda (1827-1913), who studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa and was known for being business-minded and well-read.
• Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913) was the eldest child.
• Paciano Rizal (1851-1930) was Jose Rizal's only brother; he studied at San Jose College and became a farmer and general.
• Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939), also known as "Sisa," married Antonio Lopez.
• Olympia Rizal (1855-1887), known as "Ypia," married Silvestre Ubaldo and died in childbirth.
• Lucia Rizal (1857-1919) married Mariano Herbosa, who was denied Christian burial due to being Rizal's brother-in-law.
• Maria Rizal (1859-1945), known as "Biang," married Daniel Faustino Cruz.
• Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865), known as "Concha," died at age three.
• Josefa Rizal (1865-1945), known as "Panggoy," was an epileptic who never married.
• Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951), known as "Trining," never married and was the last of the siblings to die.
• Soledad Rizal (1870-1929), known as "Choleng," married Pantaleon Quintero.
• The Rizal family belonged to the middle class and owned a large 2-storey stone house and they had a vast private library home of 1, 000 and more books.
• Rizal's tutors included Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Maestro Leon Monroy.
• Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal's father, taught him Spanish and Latin.
• Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz was Rizal's first teacher in Binan.
• In June 1872, Rizal took an exam at the College of San Juan de Letran but later studied at Ateneo.
• Father Magin Ferrando initially refused Rizal's admission to Ateneo due to late registration and his physical appearance.
• Philosophy and Letters was Rizal's first course at Ateneo.
• Rizal enrolled in the six-year Bachiller en Artes program, studying Christian doctrine, languages, history, mathematics, and classical disciplines.
• Ateneo classes were divided into the Roman Empire (interns) and the Carthaginian Empire (externs).
• Students were ranked as Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, and Standard Bearer.
• Historia Universal by Cesar Cantu, Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas, and Travels to the Philippines by Feodor Jagor were notable books during this time.
• Rizal took private lessons at Santa Isabel College.
• Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez inspired Rizal to study hard and write poetry and "Through Education The Motherland Receives Light" expressed Rizal's ideas on education.
• "Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)" was a poem dedicated to his mother.
• "A la Juventud Filipina" (To the Filipino Youth) won first prize in USA and Feodor Jagor was Rizal's favorite author in Ateneo.
• S.S.Salvadora was the barko and Paciano was with Antonio Rivera, the uncle and Leonor Rivera and Leonor Valenzuela - 2nd lover.
• Noli was inspired by "The Uncle Tom’s CABIN" also, El Fili was dedicated to GOMBURZA.
• May 3, 1882, Rizal left and June 16, 1882, arrived in Spain via (PH-Singapore- Sri Lanka- Italy- France- Barcelona Spain).

Madrid & Propaganda Movement

• Rizal was the greatest writer of LS, Juan Luna was Buan and Marcelo H. Del Pilar was (Plaridel, Piping dilat, Siling Labuyo).
• Jose Maria Panganiban was Jo Ma Pa, Antonio Luna was Tabing Ilog and Graciano Lopez Jaena (diego laura) formed LA SOLIDARIDAD.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena was main editor in chief, Mariano Ponce was Tikbalang, kalipulako, naning.
• La Solidaridad was a newspaper which included Laong-laan (ever prepared) & Dimas-alang - (untouchable, he who talks) also, El Amor Patrio (Love of Country)- 1st newspaper he write.
• Andres Bonifacio was Anak ng Bayan and Illustrados means enlightened one.
• Secularization of Priests means giving the right for the fili priests to have the role in church.

Noli Me Tangere

• In 1883, Rizal observed in France then in 1884, he graduated with honor.
• In 1886, he worked under Dr. Otto Becker (German Ophthalmologist) in Germany & Berlin.
• Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt was his best friend and Dr. Feodor Jagor was his fav author & scientist.
• March 1887- Berlin was when he published Noli and Maximo Viola aided Jose’s need for the print, Php 300 = 2,000 copies from Berliner Buchdruckerei-Action-Gesellschaft.
• August 8, 1887, Rizal returned to MANILA in his first homecoming to cure her mother, to see the reaction of the people on his novels, and to see why leonor rivera wasn't replying to his letters.
• The Archbishop of Manila banned the possession and reading of the novel.
• Emilio Terrero was the governor general, asked for a copy of Noli Me tangere and gave Jose a guard, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade.
• For 900 php, nagpagawa ng gymnasium from being a dr. also he was called Dr. Uliman.
• MARCH 1888, Jose Rizal was forced to leave the country, went to Hongkong thru Djemnah then eventually to Hongkong — Macao — Japan — America — England.
• Met Jose Basa who helped him to write a constitution LA LIGA FILIPINA.
• MAY 1888- ENGLAND was when he copied Antonio De Morgan’s study, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which Rizal later annotated for publication “as a gift to the Filipinos.”
• 1888-1890, shuttled between London and Paris, where he wrote ethnographic and history-related studies, as well as political articles and visited Spain, met with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena.
• 1891 - Ghent, Belgium was where El Filibusterismo was published in using donations from Rizal’s friends.
• June 26, 1892 was Rizal's 2nd homecoming, picked up by lucia rizal then their baggage were checked and saw Seditious Paper (violence/article against government) entitled Pobres Frailes / the poor friars.

THE LIGA AND KATIPUNAN

• July 3, 1892, Rizal founded and inaugurated La Liga Filipina (the filipino league).
• The La Liga Filipina members' duties included obeying the Supreme Council's orders, recruiting new members, keeping decisions secret, using a symbolic name, reporting changes, behaving well, and helping fellow men.
• The Aims of the league include Archipelago into a compact, strong and homogenous body also, Mutual protection of the members Defense against all violence and injustice, Encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce and Study and application of reforms.
• July 06, 1892- Rizal was secretly arrested and spend the night in port santiago, causing LA LIGA FILIPINA to split into two groups: Radicals and Cuerpo de Compromisarios.
• Radicals are also Katipuneros that are led by Bonifacio and Deodato Arellano was the first president of Radical.
• Cuerpo de Compromisarios pledged to continue supporting the La Solidaridad.
• Tejeros Convention was the voting of who will be the first president of the Philippines which was re-voted in 1897.
• August 23, 1896- Viva La Filipina Pugad lawin happened and 1896- expecting a baby with Josephine Bracken gave birth prematurely to her baby boy named Francisco but only lived for 3 hrs. George Topher was the stepfather of Josephine who may sakit sa mata.
• Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan in June 21, 1896 as a patient.
• Magdiwang was Led by Andres Bonifacio and Magdalo- led by Baldomero Aguinaldo.

Triangle Method

• Consists of an original member recruiting two new members that did not know each other, knowing only the original in common.
• Members paid an entrance fee of one real Fuerte (twenty-five centavos) and a monthly due of a media real (about twelve centavos).
• Kataastaasang Sanggunian, Sangguniang Bayan, Sangguniang Balangay are included with membership in the Katipunan.
• First Grade: Katipun (Associate): wore black masks with the password "Anak ng Bayan (Sons of the People)."
• Second Grade: Kawal (Soldier): wore green masks with the password “GOM-BUR-ZA."
• Third Grade: Bayani (Patriot): wore red masks with the password "Rizal."
• The Three fundamental objectives of Katipunan include POLITICAL Moral and Civic Objectives.
• The Political objective was working for the separation of the Philippines from Spain.
• The Moral objective was teaching of good manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious fanaticism, and weakness of character.
• The Civic objective was self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed.
• December 20, 1898- Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, as head of the Philippine Revolutionary Government, declared Dec. 30 of every year a national day of mourning in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal against Spain.
• Feb. 16, 1921- Act No. 2496, passed by the Philippine Legislature, proclaimed Nov. 30 of every year a legal holiday to commemorate the birth of Andres Bonifacio.

RIZAL’S ARREST, TRIAL & EXILE

• June 26, 1892, Jose and Lucia were met by soldiers and a major at the dock in Manila.
• Lucia's pillowcase allegedly contained a "package of seditious paper".
• Newspapers published the Governor General's decree, which included three charges against Rizal:
  • Publishing books and proclamations of doubtful loyalty, anti-Catholic and anti-friar sentiments.
  • Possession of handbills entitled "The Poor Friars" or ‘’Pobres Frailes."
  • Dedicating El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA, whom he hailed as martyrs.
  • Aiming to remove the Catholic faith from Filipinos.

LIFE OF RIZAL IN DAPITAN

• July 07, 1892- Gov. General Despujol approved for rizal to be exiled to an island in dapitan via cebu.
• The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang na Katipunan (KKK) was founded by Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano and others.
• July 17, 1892- Rizal arrived to dapitan.
• Fr. Antonio Obach sent a letter to choose whether to live with him or with the captain of Dapitan with the following conditions:
  • Publicly retract/retraction rizal's works
  • Confess about his past life
  • Conducted himself in exemplerary manner
• Captain Ricardo Carmicero was the captain of dapitan who Rizal lived with that gave favorable feedback for Rizal on his reports.
• Lucia Rizal Herbesa went to the malacanang for a courtesy call to gov gen despujol while Gen. Eulogio Despujol was the current gov gen of the PH when Rizal returned to the country.
• He Won lotto prize, 20,000= 3M with No. 9736, shared with 3 others, earned 6,400 and gave 200 to maria basa.
• Hexagon was the manukan, Square was his house, mother (operated here), trinidad, pamangkin and Octagon was the all boys school.

Katipunan seek advice to Jose Rizal

• Andres Bonifacio, agreed agreed to send Dr. Pio Valenzuela as a representative to Dapitan who will inform Rizal of their plan to launch a revolution against the Spaniards in May 2, 1896 at Bitukang Manok river in Pasig and to seek the advise of Jose Rizal.
• Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Secretary of KKK, was sent in Dapitan in 1896 to Seek advice if whether to make a move against spaniards.
• Rizal refused to rescued because he is a man of honor.

Three animal species named in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal

• Dr. Adolf Meyer was given Discover animals.
• Draco Rizali is a flying lizard, apogonia rizali is a small beetle and rhacophorus rizali is a rare frog.
• He became a teacher, farmer, engineer & cartographer and made the map of dapitan.
• Hymn to the talisay tree- poem who he sing.
• Lovers Rock was where Rizal and Josephine Bracken exchanged vows.
• November 20, 1896– rizal’s preliminary investigation that began forty days before his execution was by Francisco Olive, the investigator.
• Investigation centered on whether Rizal knew certain individuals, what his relations with them and Rizal's subversive activities in Madrid and in the Philippines.

RIZAL’S FINAL DAYS

• Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel, Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and Fr. Luis Viza..
• Fr. Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Fr. Antonio Rosell ate breakfast with Rizal and Lt. Taviel de Andrade arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services.
• Fr. Balaguer remained with Rizal around noon, returned at three o'clock in the afternoon trying persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm.
• Rizal's mother and sisters arrived, Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her in English "There is something inside".
• After telling her to look inside his shoes after he is executed, Fathers Vilaclara and Balaguer arrived to convince Rizal to retract.
• By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza and again talked with Rizal on religious matters then joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia.
• At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda and another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi - the superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines.
• Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and Paciano.
• At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to Bagumbayan began, a colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution and Rizal requested the firing squad to spare his head which was granted.
• Rizal requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied.
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal's pulse and found that it was normal and the commanding officer ordered his men to aim by saber.
• Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with his face facing the sun while Spanish spectators shouted Viva España!
• The military band played Marcha de Cadiz and Rizal's body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery where later it was traced by his sister.
• The remains of Rizal's were cleaned in Higino Mercado's house in Binondo and were given to Doña Teodora then laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in Luneta
• December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan (present-day Rizal Park) in Manila was the execution date.