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Questions and Answers
What was the primary aim of Senate Bill 448, as proposed during the discussion of the Rizal Law?
What was the primary aim of Senate Bill 448, as proposed during the discussion of the Rizal Law?
- To promote awareness among Filipinos about the struggles faced during the Spanish colonial era. (correct)
- To encourage the study of American history and culture in Philippine schools.
- To mandate the teaching of Spanish in all Philippine schools.
- To remove the study of Rizal's life and works from the educational curriculum.
Which action did Education Secretary Alejandro Roces take in 1956 regarding the Rizal course?
Which action did Education Secretary Alejandro Roces take in 1956 regarding the Rizal course?
- He mandated Rizal to be a separate course integrated with other courses. (correct)
- He ordered the removal of Rizal's works from the curriculum.
- He established a new university dedicated to Rizal studies.
- He translated Rizal’s works into English.
What impact did the rise of the mestizo class have on the Philippines during the 19th century?
What impact did the rise of the mestizo class have on the Philippines during the 19th century?
- They decreased economic activity due to their mixed heritage.
- They formed the core of the Philippine middle class and pursued higher education. (correct)
- They were excluded from participating in trade and business activities.
- They supported the Spanish colonial government in suppressing native revolts.
What was the ultimate fate of the native soldiers involved in the Cofradia de San Jose revolt?
What was the ultimate fate of the native soldiers involved in the Cofradia de San Jose revolt?
What was the primary distinction between regular and secular priests in the context of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era?
What was the primary distinction between regular and secular priests in the context of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era?
During which European historical period did Rizal live for around 10 years?
During which European historical period did Rizal live for around 10 years?
When did President Fidel Ramos issue a memorandum for the implementation of the Rizal Law with sanctions for non-compliance?
When did President Fidel Ramos issue a memorandum for the implementation of the Rizal Law with sanctions for non-compliance?
What is the main principle of Liberalism as it relates to the 19th century?
What is the main principle of Liberalism as it relates to the 19th century?
What characterizes Imperialism as a political and economic concept during the 19th century and onward?
What characterizes Imperialism as a political and economic concept during the 19th century and onward?
What was the Rerum Novarum encyclical, issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891, primarily a response to?
What was the Rerum Novarum encyclical, issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891, primarily a response to?
What was the main objective of Rizal's La Liga Filipina, founded in 1892?
What was the main objective of Rizal's La Liga Filipina, founded in 1892?
What accusation led to the exile of Jose Rizal in Dapitan from 1892 to 1895?
What accusation led to the exile of Jose Rizal in Dapitan from 1892 to 1895?
What was the significance of Rizal being referred to as 'Indio Bravo'?
What was the significance of Rizal being referred to as 'Indio Bravo'?
How did the economic changes during the 19th century impact the social structure of the Philippines?
How did the economic changes during the 19th century impact the social structure of the Philippines?
What statement encapsulates Rizal's view on the importance of history for a nation's future?
What statement encapsulates Rizal's view on the importance of history for a nation's future?
What was the purpose of the Presidential Memorandum issued in 1995 regarding the Rizal Law?
What was the purpose of the Presidential Memorandum issued in 1995 regarding the Rizal Law?
Which European country did NOT experience significant political or social change during the 19th century when Rizal lived in Europe?
Which European country did NOT experience significant political or social change during the 19th century when Rizal lived in Europe?
What was the significance of the Manifesto of the Communist Party?
What was the significance of the Manifesto of the Communist Party?
What was CHED's role in implementing the Rizal Law?
What was CHED's role in implementing the Rizal Law?
Flashcards
What is Rizal Law? (RA 1425)
What is Rizal Law? (RA 1425)
Law mandating the inclusion of Rizal's life and works in the curriculum of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities.
Senate Bill #448
Senate Bill #448
Senate bill that required the compulsory reading of Rizal's novels (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo).
R.A. 1425 Requirements
R.A. 1425 Requirements
To read the uncensored versions of Rizal's novels, ensure publication/distribution, and maintain copies of his works.
Imperialism
Imperialism
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Liberalism
Liberalism
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Manifesto of the Communist Party
Manifesto of the Communist Party
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Rerum Novarum
Rerum Novarum
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Mestizos
Mestizos
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Native Revolt (Cofradia de San Jose)
Native Revolt (Cofradia de San Jose)
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Regular Priests
Regular Priests
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Secular Priests
Secular Priests
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Fathers Pelaez, Burgos, Zamora, and Gomez
Fathers Pelaez, Burgos, Zamora, and Gomez
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Cavite Mutiny Arrests
Cavite Mutiny Arrests
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Indio Bravo
Indio Bravo
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Privileges of Principalia
Privileges of Principalia
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First Novel
First Novel
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Liga Filipina Aims
Liga Filipina Aims
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Exile in Dapitan (Reasons)
Exile in Dapitan (Reasons)
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Noli Me Tangere
Noli Me Tangere
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Opening a book tells of the past
Opening a book tells of the past
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Study Notes
Republic Act #1425 (Rizal Law)
- Also known as "The Making of Rizal Law"
- Senate bill 448 aimed to raise awareness of the oppression Filipinos suffered during Spanish colonial rule
- Rizal Law (RA 1425) mandates inclusion of Rizal's life and works in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities
- Signed into law on June 12, 1956, by President Ramon Magsaysay
- It comprises six sections
Senate Bill #448 Requirements
- Compulsory reading of Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
- Study of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal.
Ramon Magsaysay
- Served as the seventh President of the Philippines
- He was the third President of the Third Republic
R.A. 1425 stipulations
- Students must read the unexpurgated (uncensored) versions of Rizal's two novels
- It requires the publication and distribution of the novels
- Schools must maintain adequate copies of Rizal's novels and other works
Implementation of Rizal Law
- In 1956, Education Secretary Alejandro Roces integrated Rizal's works with other courses like Philippine History or Literature
- In 1969, Secretary Carlos P. Romulo mandated Rizal Course as a separate 3-unit prerequisite for college graduation
- In 1984, Minister Jaime C. Laya integrated the Rizal course with others
Presidential Memo, 1995
- President Fidel Ramos issued an immediate memo for full implementation of the Rizal Law
- It included sanctions against non-compliant schools
CHED Order #6, 1996
- CHED Chairman Angel Alcala mandated the Rizal course to be offered as a 3-unit subject
The 19th Century
- Considered Jose Rizal's Century
- European countries during this time included Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden
- A period characterized by change
- Rizal remained in Europe for almost 10 years
Liberalism
- Combination of administrative, cultural, and commercial focus
- Emphasized individual rights such as freedom
Imperialism
- Policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, or economically
Manifesto of the Communist Party
- Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Presented during the 2nd congress of the Communist League in London (1847)
- Serves as the Catechism and outlines basic principles of Communist movements
- Published at the end of February 1848
Rerum Novarum (Of New Things)
- Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891
- A response to social and economic conditions in Europe caused by the 18th-century industrial revolution along with Marxism
The Philippines under Spanish Colonial Rule
- Characterized by instability of administrative control and corrupt officials
- Filipinos lacked representation in the Spanish Cortes
- Basic human rights were denied
Economic Opportunities for Rich Families
- Mestizos (Spanish, Chinese, and wealthy natives) engaged in trade and profitable business
- Wealthy mestizos formed the nucleus of the Philippine middle class during the 19th century
- Their children had access to higher education
Native Revolt (Cofradia de San Jose)
- The Cofradia de San Jose, led by Apolinario de la Cruz in Tayabas, existed during 1840-41
- Originated over religious discrimination against natives
- Native soldiers sympathetic to de la Cruz mutinied in Manila but were defeated by colonial forces
Secularization of the Philippines Parishes
- Two kinds of priests served in the Catholic Church: Regulars and Seculars
Regular Priests
- Belonged to religious orders
- Primary task was spreading Christianity
- Included Franciscans, Recolects, Dominicans, and Augustinians
Secular Priests
- Did not belong to any religious order
- Specifically trained to run parishes under the supervision of bishops
Filipino Priests for Secularization
- Fr. Pedro Pelaez
- Fr. Jose Burgos
- Fr. Jacinto Zamora
- Fr. Mariano Gomez
Cavite Mutiny (pag aaklas), 1872 & GOMBURZA
- Filipino liberals were arrested after the Cavite Mutiny
- Those arrested included: Jose Ma. Basa, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Balbino Mauricio, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera, Fr. Pedro Dandan, and Fr. Toribio del Pilar
Kabuhi ni Rizal
- "Indio Bravo" means 'brave native'
Jose Rizal Mercado
- Born on June 19, 1861
- The 7th of 11 children to Francisco Mercado Rizal & Teodora Alonso Realonda
- Fr. Rufino Collantes baptized the 4-day old Jose
- Rizal Mercado's family belonged to the principalia
Principalia
- The middle class
- Highly educated
- Property owners
- Native, provincial elite
- Of mixed-race
- Ilustrados studied at prominent universities
Privileges of Principalia
- Could vote and collect taxes
- Can be elected as gobernadorcillo
- Able to wear European jackets
- Could use a knife and fork properly
Education of Rizal
- Binan, Laguna (1869-1870): Basic education
- Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877): High School
- University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)
- Studied Medical Studies, Philosophy, and Letters
- Further studies abroad involved a secret trip
- Universidad Central de Madrid (1882-1886)
- Continued Medical studies and Philosophy & letters
- Started writing his 1st novel in 1884
Major Works of Rizal (1886 & 1891)
- Noli Me Tangere
- El Filibusterismo
- The Philippines a Century Hence
Founding of the Liga Filipina (1892)
- Only lasted one day
- Its aims were:
- Unite the archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization
- Defense against violence & injustice
- Reform (pagbabago)
Exile in Dapitan (1892-1895)
- Arrest and banishment resulted from accusations
- He published books and articles that showed an anti-colonial regime and being anti-friar
Incarceration and Execution (1896)
- "To foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open a book that tells of her past" - Jose Rizal
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