Reproductive Tract Development and Pregnancy Adaptations Quiz

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Which structure is responsible for the exchange of gases between the fetus and the mother?

Decidua basalis

Extraembryonic mesoderm

Chorionic villi (correct)

Umbilical cord

When does the development of the placenta start?

Week 4½

Beginning of Week 2 (correct)

Day 16

End of Week 12

Which type of nutrition is achieved via the haemochorial placenta in humans?

Respiratory nutrition

Immunological nutrition

Haemotrophic nutrition (correct)

Excretory nutrition

What is the role of the placenta in maternal acceptance of the fetus?

Immunomodulatory Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the placenta delivers maternal antibodies to the fetus?

Chorionic villus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extraembryonic mesoderm in the development of the placenta?

Differentiates into connective tissue & blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the true placenta when combined with the maternal decidua basalis?

Chorion Signup and view all the answers

What separates the maternal and fetal blood in the placenta?

Syncytiotrophoblast Signup and view all the answers

Which type of placenta is formed when the chorion in decidua capsularis is compressed?

Discoidal hemochorial placenta Signup and view all the answers

By the end of which week after fertilization is the placenta fully functional?

Week 12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the text?

Post-implantation development Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta?

To provide nutrients to the developing embryo Signup and view all the answers

What are the maternal adaptations to pregnancy?

Anatomical, metabolic, and physiological changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract?

Determination of sex Signup and view all the answers

What is histiotrophic nutrition?

Nutrients derived from uterine secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on the maternal anatomy?

Increase in size of maternal organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on maternal metabolism?

Increase in metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of pregnancy and placental hormones on maternal physiology?

Increase in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the pre-implantation stage?

Up to 3 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the period after implantation?

Post-implantation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum and suppresses the maternal immune system?

hCG Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone enlarges the uterus, develops breasts, and later relaxes pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone maintains the functional endometrium, quiets the uterus, develops breasts, and increases respiratory tidal volume?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone decreases glucose and increases fatty acid metabolism in the mother, and develops breasts?

hCS/hPL Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates cortisol production via the fetal H-P-adrenal axis?

CRH Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes dramatic enlargement due to the increase in which hormone?

Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the considerable weight gain during pregnancy?

hCS/hPL Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the increased appetite and elevated fat storage in the mother during pregnancy?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the elevated blood volume and periodic increased cardiac output during pregnancy?

Thyroxine Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosomes determine the sex in humans?

X and Y Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage of embryo development?

Sperm capacitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the embryo attaches to the uterine wall?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an extra-embryonic membrane?

Gastrula Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general tissue formed from the germ layers?

Gastrula Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of the yolk sac?

Nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the general timeline of prenatal development?

Gastrulation to organogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the embryonic disc is formed?

Blastocyst formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the formation of the three germ layers?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the mother's body accepts the developing fetus?

Implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of the amnion?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

During which week does the syncytiotrophoblast start secreting hCG?

Week 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the base of the umbilical cord?

Allantois Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amnion during embryonic development?

Avoids embryonic structures fusing Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the brief nutrient support during early development?

Yolk sac Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the chorion and chorionic villi?

Formation of the placenta Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the primitive streak form along the caudal end of the bilaminar embryonic disc?

Week 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer forms the nervous system and skin epidermis?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer forms most blood vessels, connective tissues, bone, and muscle?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer forms the epithelial linings and associated glands of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems?

Endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

Endocrine functions Signup and view all the answers

During which period of development does the formation of all major adult organs occur?

Embryonic period Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of pregnancy from zygote to birth?

38 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of severe embryonic period developmental abnormalities?

Neural tube defects Signup and view all the answers

What triggers hyperactive motility in sperm?

Vaginal mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hyaluronidase in the process of fertilization?

Penetration of corona radiata Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events during fertilization?

Acrosome reaction, capacitation, fertilization, polyspermy block Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the stage of development when there are 64 or more cells?

Blastocyst stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the syncytiotrophoblast cells during implantation?

Erosion of endometrial layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast in the development of the placenta?

Formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hCG during early pregnancy?

Proliferation of syncytiotrophoblast cells Signup and view all the answers