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Questions and Answers
Which fetal structure originating from the blastocyst contributes to the formation of the placenta?
Which part of the placenta is derived from maternal tissue and is essential for its function?
What hormone, produced by the placenta, is primarily responsible for ensuring glucose availability to the fetus?
Which structure within the placenta serves as the functional unit for maternal-fetal exchange?
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Which of the following substances is restricted from crossing the placental barrier?
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At what point in gestation does the placenta achieve full functionality for nutrient exchange?
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How many blood vessels does the umbilical cord contain?
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Which placental hormone primarily maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy?
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What is the primary source of energy for the developing fetus?
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Which hormone does the placenta primarily synthesize and release during pregnancy?
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What mechanism is primarily responsible for the exchange of gases between the fetus and the mother across the placenta?
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What is a major cause of placental insufficiency that can lead to restricted fetal growth?
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During pregnancy, what effect does the placenta have on prolactin secretion?
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Which of the following nutrients does NOT primarily provide energy to the fetus?
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Which of the following statements about placental hormone production is TRUE?
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Study Notes
Placental Formation
- The placenta develops from the trophoblast, a layer of cells surrounding the blastocyst.
Placental Structure and Function
- The chorionic villi, finger-like projections extending from the fetal side of the placenta, are the functional units for maternal-fetal exchange.
- The decidua basalis, derived from the maternal endometrium, forms the maternal side of the placenta.
- Human placental lactogen (hPL), a hormone produced by the placenta, ensures sufficient glucose supply to the fetus.
Placental Barrier
- The placental barrier allows the passage of essential substances like oxygen, glucose, and immunoglobulin G (IgG).
- Large proteins are unable to cross the placental barrier.
Placental Development and Functionality
- The placenta becomes fully functional for nutrient exchange by the 12th week of gestation.
Umbilical Cord
- The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein.
Placental Hormones
- Progesterone, produced by the placenta, maintains uterine quiescence during pregnancy.
Maternal Spiral Artery Remodeling
- Cytotrophoblast cells, derived from the fetus, remodel the maternal spiral arteries to increase blood flow to the placenta.
Fetal Growth Factors
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a crucial role in fetal growth by stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation.
Fetal Hormonal Regulation
- Human placental lactogen (hPL), a fetal hormone, regulates nutrient distribution between the mother and fetus.
Nutrient Transport
- Glucose is actively transported across the placenta to provide energy for the fetus.
Placental Hormonal Roles
- The placenta synthesizes and releases progesterone, essential for maintaining pregnancy.
Gas Exchange
- Diffusion facilitates gas exchange between the fetus and the mother through the placenta.
Placental Insufficiency
- Impaired remodeling of maternal spiral arteries is the most common cause of placental insufficiency, which can lead to restricted fetal growth.
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Description
Explore the intricate processes involved in placental formation, structure, and functionality. This quiz covers key concepts such as trophoblast development, chorionic villi, and the role of human placental lactogen in fetal nourishment. Test your knowledge on the essential features of the placenta and its significance during gestation.
