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Questions and Answers
In the process of triplet formation, what occurs with the fertilized egg?
In the process of triplet formation, what occurs with the fertilized egg?
- A fertilized egg is implanted directly in the uterus.
- The fertilized zygote divides into three after one split occurs. (correct)
- The single egg splits once and divides into three.
- Two eggs are fertilized simultaneously.
What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no conception after ovulation?
What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no conception after ovulation?
- It breaks down. (correct)
- It transforms into a fertilized egg.
- It releases additional eggs.
- It starts producing estrogen.
What is the primary function of estrogen in the follicular phase?
What is the primary function of estrogen in the follicular phase?
- To initiate the breakdown of the corpus luteum.
- To help in the formation of the morula.
- To store genetic information.
- To stimulate the proliferation of the endometrium. (correct)
What characterizes fraternal twins?
What characterizes fraternal twins?
During which phase does the endometrial lining thicken in preparation for potential implantation?
During which phase does the endometrial lining thicken in preparation for potential implantation?
At what age does puberty typically start for females?
At what age does puberty typically start for females?
What is the term for the end of a woman's reproductive capabilities?
What is the term for the end of a woman's reproductive capabilities?
What is released during ovulation?
What is released during ovulation?
What happens to the stratum functionalis during menstruation?
What happens to the stratum functionalis during menstruation?
At what age does complete puberty generally occur for males?
At what age does complete puberty generally occur for males?
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
What is the primary function of the epididymis?
What are gametes?
What are gametes?
What is spermatogenesis?
What is spermatogenesis?
What is the role of the zona pellucida?
What is the role of the zona pellucida?
What occurs during ejaculation?
What occurs during ejaculation?
Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland in response to infant sucking?
Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary gland in response to infant sucking?
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
During which phase do epithelial cells multiply and form glands?
During which phase do epithelial cells multiply and form glands?
What triggers the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
What triggers the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs first?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle occurs first?
During which phase does ovulation occur?
During which phase does ovulation occur?
What happens to the majority of the follicles that begin to develop in the ovary?
What happens to the majority of the follicles that begin to develop in the ovary?
What is primarily responsible for the growth of ovarian follicles?
What is primarily responsible for the growth of ovarian follicles?
What is the primary function of the labia minora?
What is the primary function of the labia minora?
Which structure is highly sensitive and involved in female sexual pleasure?
Which structure is highly sensitive and involved in female sexual pleasure?
What function does the hymen serve?
What function does the hymen serve?
Where are Bartholin's glands located?
Where are Bartholin's glands located?
What is the role of the vestibule in the female reproductive anatomy?
What is the role of the vestibule in the female reproductive anatomy?
What covers the mons pubis?
What covers the mons pubis?
Which of the following accurately describes the perineum?
Which of the following accurately describes the perineum?
What is the function of the endocervical canal?
What is the function of the endocervical canal?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
What is the shape and size of the uterus in its non-pregnant state?
What is the shape and size of the uterus in its non-pregnant state?
What does the cervix do during labor?
What does the cervix do during labor?
Which of the following correctly characterizes Skene’s gland?
Which of the following correctly characterizes Skene’s gland?
What is the complete dilation of the cervix during labor measured in centimeters?
What is the complete dilation of the cervix during labor measured in centimeters?
What function does the vagina serve in the reproductive system?
What function does the vagina serve in the reproductive system?
Which of the following accurately describes the labia majora?
Which of the following accurately describes the labia majora?
What role do blood vessels play in the uterus in the context of preparing for a possible embryo?
What role do blood vessels play in the uterus in the context of preparing for a possible embryo?
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Study Notes
Reproductive System Overview
- Puberty marks the development of the reproductive system, starting around 10-11 years in females and 11-12 years in males.
- Complete puberty occurs by 15-17 years for females and 16-17 years for males.
- Menstruation involves the discharge of blood and tissues from the uterus, marking the end of the female reproductive cycle.
Key Terms
- Endometrium: Innermost uterine layer; sloughed off during menstruation, comprising the stratum functionalis.
- Ovulation: Release of an ovum from an ovary following the rupture of the ovarian follicle.
- Menopause: End of a woman's reproductive capabilities.
- Menarche: Onset of menstruation for females.
- Gametes: Mature reproductive cells; include spermatozoa (mature male) and ovum (mature female).
- Spermatogenesis: Development of sperm in the testes.
- Oogenesis: Development of egg cells.
Female Reproductive Anatomy
- Fimbriae: Finger-like projections that guide the egg from the ovary.
- Uterus: Pear-shaped organ (7 cm long, 2 cm wide in non-pregnant state); also called the "hotel of baby."
- Cervix: Strong muscular base of the uterus; facilitates the passage of sperm and menstrual flow.
- Vagina: Smooth muscle organ; forms the birth canal and accommodates the penis during intercourse.
External Female Genitalia
- Labia Majora: Outer folds of skin, containing sebaceous glands; encase other internal organs.
- Labia Minora: Inner flaps that protect the vagina and urethra; meet to form the clitoral hood.
- Clitoris: Highly sensitive erectile tissue involved in sexual pleasure.
- Bartholin’s Glands: Secrete fluid for lubrication during intercourse.
- Perineum: Diamond-shaped area surrounding the vaginal opening.
Phases of the Menstrual Cycle
- Menstrual Phase: Days 1-5; involves sloughing of the endometrial lining, secretions, and blood.
- Proliferative Phase: Days 3-14; epithelial cells multiply, and estrogen is secreted by growing follicles.
- Ovulation: Occurs around mid-cycle; release of the ovum.
- Secretory Phase: Days 15-28; endometrial lining thickens, preparing for potential implantation of a fertilized ovum.
Hormonal Regulation
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Triggers follicular growth and estrogen secretion.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Promotes the development of ovarian follicles and estrogen secretion.
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Stimulates the release of FSH and LH.
- Estrogen: Influences secondary sexual characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle.
Types of Twins
- Identical Twins (Monozygotic): Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits, sharing the same genetic material.
- Fraternal Twins (Dizygotic): Result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two sperms, leading to genetically different siblings.
- Triplets: Can occur through fertilization of one egg that divides into three, or splitting of two zygotes.
Embryology Terms
- Follicle: Sac-like structure containing an immature egg.
- Morula: Solid mass resulting from cleavage during early embryonic development.
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