Reproductive System Overview

<p>5° F lower than body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver sperm to the female reproductive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To penetrate the female egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To give energy to the sperm's movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Once a month</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A full set that is fixed at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 feet long</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thousands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To nourish the sperm during their journey</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>525 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spermatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To dissolve food chemicals so they can be tasted</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To move a bolus along the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A muscular-walled, J-shaped sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To kill potentially harmful microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store, churn, and mix food with gastric juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To emulsify fats in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into the right and left hepatic ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secrete digestive enzymes and buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and concentrate bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the common bile duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make materials easier to propel along the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To release water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts into the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristaltic movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down food into smaller molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The removal of waste products from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver = Produces bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine Gall bladder = Stores and concentrates bile for later use Pancreas = Secretes pancreatic juice with digestive enzymes Salivary glands = Aids in mechanical digestion in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile = Emulsifies fats in the small intestine Pancreatic juice = Contains digestive enzymes to break down nutrients Saliva = Breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth Gastric juices = Contains hydrochloric acid to break down proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic duct = Gall bladder to the common bile duct Hepatic duct = Liver to the gall bladder Pancreatic duct = Pancreas to the common bile duct Bile duct = Gall bladder to the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver = Fats Pancreas = Carbohydrates Gall bladder = Proteins Small intestine = All nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver = Bile Pancreas = Pancreatic juice Gall bladder = Bile salts Salivary glands = Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine = Absorption of nutrients Liver = Production of bile Gall bladder = Storage of bile Pancreas = Secretion of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small Intestine = Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions Stomach = Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contractions Liver = Secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions Pancreas = Exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes; Endocrine cells secrete hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saliva = Break down carbohydrates Bile = Facilitate lipid digestion Gastric juices = Break down proteins and fats Pancreatic enzymes = Facilitate the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teeth = Mechanical processing by chewing (mastication) Tongue = Assists mechanical processing with teeth, sensory analysis Gallbladder = Storage and concentration of bile Anus = Elimination of indigestible materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes = Stomach Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions = Small Intestine Mechanical processing by chewing (mastication) = Mouth Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials = Large Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver = Secretion of bile, storage of nutrients, many other vital functions Pancreas = Secretion of buffers and digestive enzymes Gallbladder = Storage and concentration of bile Small Intestine = Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion and mechanical processing = Mouth and Esophagus Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes = Stomach and Small Intestine Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials = Large Intestine and Anus Secretion of digestive enzymes and buffers = Pancreas and Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi = Absorb nutrients into capillaries and lacteals Lacteals = Contain capillary beds and lymphatic vessels Capillary beds = Absorb fatty acids into the lymphatic system Mucosal epithelium = Produce digestive enzymes for protein breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive enzymes = Break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Hepatic vein = Circulates blood from the liver to the heart Lymphatic vessels = Absorb fatty acids and transport them to the bloodstream Submucosal glands = Produce mucus to lubricate the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary beds = Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream Lacteals = Absorb fatty acids into the lymphatic system Mucosal glands = Produce digestive enzymes for protein breakdown Villi = Increase the surface area for nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver = Produces bile for fat digestion Gallbladder = Stores bile for fat digestion Pancreas = Produces digestive enzymes for protein breakdown Small intestine = Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatic vein = Circulates blood from the digestive system to the liver Ileocecal valve = Regulates chyme flow from the small to the large intestine Myenteric plexus = Regulates peristaltic waves in the digestive tract Submucosal plexus = Regulates blood flow to the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circular muscle layer = Regulates peristaltic waves in the digestive tract Longitudinal muscle layer = Regulates muscle contractions in the digestive tract Mucosa = Produces mucus to lubricate the digestive tract Serosa = Protects the digestive tract from surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of materials to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of bile (important for lipid digestion), storage of nutrients, many other vital functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine cells secrete buffers and digestive enzymes; Endocrine cells secrete hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The six functions of the digestive system are ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, and excretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical processing involves crushing and shearing of food to make it easier to propel along the digestive tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the digestive epithelium is to absorb small organic fragments from digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of secretion is to release water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts to aid in digestion and absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The final outcome of the digestive process is the removal of waste products from the body through the process of defecation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The function of the digestive tract is to extend from the mouth to the anus and pass through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To moisten food, cleanse the mouth, dissolve food chemicals, and contain enzymes that start the breakdown of starchy foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristaltic movement is a wave of muscular contractions that moves a bolus along the length of the digestive tract. It involves circular muscles contracting behind the bolus, while longitudinal muscles ahead of the bolus contract, shortening adjacent segments, and forcing the bolus forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach is a muscular-walled, J-shaped sac that stores, churns, and mixes food with gastric juices secreted by its lining. Gastric juices break down food and kill potentially harmful microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tongue creates a bolus of food, which then travels down the pharynx and esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric juices include digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid, which break down food and kill potentially harmful microbes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach churns and mixes food with gastric juices, breaking it down into a smaller, more manageable size, which is then absorbed in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver's primary function is to aid chemical digestion by emulsifying fats in the small intestine. It accomplishes this by secreting bile, a yellowish-brown fluid that breaks down fats into smaller molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, a mix of digestive enzymes, water, buffers, and electrolytes, which aids in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gall bladder stores and concentrates excess bile secreted by the liver, and releases it into the small intestine as needed to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The salivary glands secrete saliva, which aids in mechanical digestion; the liver secretes bile, which aids in chemical digestion by emulsifying fats; and the pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile flows from the liver into the right and left hepatic ducts, then into the common hepatic duct, and then into the small intestine to aid in digestion and absorption of fats. Excess bile is stored in the gall bladder through the cystic duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accessory organs of digestion, including the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas, secrete substances that aid in digestion and absorption, such as saliva, bile, and pancreatic juice. These substances facilitate the breakdown and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to absorb nutrients into capillaries of the circulatory system and lacteals of the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lacteals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>they are absorbed as peristaltic waves move the chyme into the ascending and transverse colons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to take absorbed nutrients directly to the liver for processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to allow chyme to pass from the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers