Questions and Answers
What type of cells do dyads refer to?
Which process results in tetrads being visible?
The product of mitosis is:
Which of the following describes the product of meiosis?
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The phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are involved in which process?
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What do dyads represent in terms of visibility?
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What process involves tetrads being visible?
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What is the product of mitosis?
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What does meiosis produce?
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Which processes involve the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
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Where does mitosis occur?
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Where does meiosis occur?
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What is the main purpose of mitosis?
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What do homologous chromosomes do during meiosis?
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What is the significance of crossover in daughter cells?
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What are homologous chromosomes?
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What is a primitive stem cell in males?
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What are the products of meiosis II?
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What is a sperm?
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Why are spermatids considered non-functional gametes?
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Why is the lifespan of sperm short?
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What are follicles?
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How are primary and vesicular follicles anatomically different?
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What is a corpus luteum?
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What hormone is primarily produced by the vesicular follicle?
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What is the fate of the three tiny cells produced during oogenesis?
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What hormone is produced by primary follicles in the ovary?
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What hormone is released after ovulation?
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Which hormones exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary relative to FSH secretion?
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What stimulates LH release by the anterior pituitary?
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What stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen?
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What maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman?
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Why does the corpus luteum deteriorate toward the end of the ovarian cycle?
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What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle?
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Study Notes
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
- Dyads form during meiosis, indicating the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
- Tetrads are visible in meiosis, crucial for genetic variability.
- Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell.
- Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells that differ from the mother cell both quantitatively and qualitatively.
- Both processes include phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- Mitosis occurs throughout the body, while meiosis is confined to the ovaries and testes.
Functions of Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis provides cells for growth and repair of tissues.
- Meiosis is essential for the perpetuation of the species by producing gametes.
- Meiosis involves two consecutive nuclear divisions without chromosomal replication before the second division.
Synapsis and Genetic Variability
- Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes, facilitating genetic recombination.
- Crossover events during meiosis introduce variability as homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.
Germ Cells and Gametes
- Homologous chromosomes include one paternal and one maternal chromosome carrying genes for the same traits.
- Spermatogonium serves as a primitive stem cell for sperm production.
- Secondary spermatocycles, spermatids, and sperm are haploid stages in sperm development.
- Sustentocytes provide nutrients to developing sperm.
Oogenesis and Follicle Development
- Oogenesis results in one ovum and three polar bodies, the latter deteriorating post-formation.
- Follicles are sac-like structures in the ovaries containing germ cells.
- Primary follicles consist of a few surrounding cells, while vesicular follicles contain a large antrum with fluid.
Hormonal Regulation
- The major hormone produced by vesicular follicles is estrogen.
- The corpus luteum produces progesterone and some estrogen after ovulation.
- Negative feedback on the anterior pituitary inhibiting FSH comes from estrogen and progesterone; Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the corpus luteum.
Menstrual Cycle Changes
- The endometrium undergoes significant changes during the menstrual cycle, impacting fertility.
- The deterioration of the corpus luteum at the end of the ovarian cycle occurs due to low levels of LH from the anterior pituitary.
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Test your knowledge on key concepts of the reproductive system with these flashcards. Each card presents a term related to meiosis and mitosis, helping you learn the differences and details in a clear manner.
