Reproductive System Flashcards
34 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of cells do dyads refer to?

  • One diploid daughter cell
  • Both (correct)
  • Four haploid daughter cells
  • None of the above

    • Which process results in tetrads being visible?

  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis (correct)
  • Both
  • None of the above

    • The product of mitosis is:

  • One diploid daughter cell
  • Two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell (correct)
  • Four haploid daughter cells
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following describes the product of meiosis?

    <p>Four haploid daughter cells quantitatively and qualitatively different from the mother cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are involved in which process?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dyads represent in terms of visibility?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves tetrads being visible?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of mitosis?

    <p>Two diploid daughter cells genetically identical to the mother cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does meiosis produce?

    <p>Four haploid daughter cells quantitatively and qualitatively different from the mother cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processes involve the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mitosis occur?

    <p>Throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur?

    <p>Only in the ovaries and testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis?

    <p>To provide cells for growth and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do homologous chromosomes do during meiosis?

    <p>They synapse; crossovers are seen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossover in daughter cells?

    <p>It introduces variability in the daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Egg and sperm chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits (1 paternal, 1 maternal).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primitive stem cell in males?

    <p>Spermatogonium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of meiosis II?

    <p>Spermatid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sperm?

    <p>Tail, midpiece, head (acrosome).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are spermatids considered non-functional gametes?

    <p>They are non-motile and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the lifespan of sperm short?

    <p>No cytoplasm to store nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are follicles?

    <p>Saclike structures containing follicle cells in one or more layers enclosing a developing gamete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are primary and vesicular follicles anatomically different?

    <p>Primary follicles have one or a small number of surrounding follicles, while vesicular follicles have a large antrum containing fluid produced by granulosa cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a corpus luteum?

    <p>Granular ovarian structure that produces progesterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily produced by the vesicular follicle?

    <p>Estrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the three tiny cells produced during oogenesis?

    <p>They deteriorate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by primary follicles in the ovary?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is released after ovulation?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones exert negative feedback on the anterior pituitary relative to FSH secretion?

    <p>Estrogen and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates LH release by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Estrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone and estrogen?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains the hormonal production of the corpus luteum in a nonpregnant woman?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the corpus luteum deteriorate toward the end of the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Blood levels of the anterior pituitary hormone LH are very low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Endometrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mitosis vs. Meiosis

    • Dyads form during meiosis, indicating the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
    • Tetrads are visible in meiosis, crucial for genetic variability.
    • Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell.
    • Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells that differ from the mother cell both quantitatively and qualitatively.
    • Both processes include phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
    • Mitosis occurs throughout the body, while meiosis is confined to the ovaries and testes.

    Functions of Mitosis and Meiosis

    • Mitosis provides cells for growth and repair of tissues.
    • Meiosis is essential for the perpetuation of the species by producing gametes.
    • Meiosis involves two consecutive nuclear divisions without chromosomal replication before the second division.

    Synapsis and Genetic Variability

    • Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes, facilitating genetic recombination.
    • Crossover events during meiosis introduce variability as homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

    Germ Cells and Gametes

    • Homologous chromosomes include one paternal and one maternal chromosome carrying genes for the same traits.
    • Spermatogonium serves as a primitive stem cell for sperm production.
    • Secondary spermatocycles, spermatids, and sperm are haploid stages in sperm development.
    • Sustentocytes provide nutrients to developing sperm.

    Oogenesis and Follicle Development

    • Oogenesis results in one ovum and three polar bodies, the latter deteriorating post-formation.
    • Follicles are sac-like structures in the ovaries containing germ cells.
    • Primary follicles consist of a few surrounding cells, while vesicular follicles contain a large antrum with fluid.

    Hormonal Regulation

    • The major hormone produced by vesicular follicles is estrogen.
    • The corpus luteum produces progesterone and some estrogen after ovulation.
    • Negative feedback on the anterior pituitary inhibiting FSH comes from estrogen and progesterone; Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the corpus luteum.

    Menstrual Cycle Changes

    • The endometrium undergoes significant changes during the menstrual cycle, impacting fertility.
    • The deterioration of the corpus luteum at the end of the ovarian cycle occurs due to low levels of LH from the anterior pituitary.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of the reproductive system with these flashcards. Each card presents a term related to meiosis and mitosis, helping you learn the differences and details in a clear manner.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser