Reproductive System and Gamete Formation

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What is the total number of chromosomes in a sperm cell and an oocyte combined for proper development?

46 (correct)

92

47

23

What is the primary function of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

To produce sperm cells

To regulate body temperature

To transport sperm out of the testes

To control sperm production and create the blood-testes barrier (correct)

What happens to the testes in cold weather or cold water?

They remain at the same position

They are pulled up closer to the body (correct)

They move away from the body

They are pushed down further into the scrotum

How many lobules are found in each testis?

300-400 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the blood-testes barrier created by the Sertoli cells?

To keep blood-borne substances away from the germ cells and prevent an autoimmune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the testes are located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity?

To keep them at a cooler temperature for efficient sperm production Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one or both testes failing to descend into the scrotum prior to birth?

Cryptorchidism Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do spermatogonia have?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tightly packed mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm?

To produce ATP to power the flagellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of semen that is made up of sperm?

5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fluid released by the bulbourethral glands to lubricate and clean away urine residue?

Pre-ejaculate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitric oxide in the process of erection?

To relax muscles and allow blood to flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone responsible for regulating testosterone production?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the labia minora in the female reproductive system?

To protect the urethra and female reproductive system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which sperm cells are produced?

Spermatogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

To store and mature sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microorganisms present in the vagina?

To protect from pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of an ovarian cycle?

28 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the oocyte splits into multiple cells, but only one survives?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother?

Because the ovum has a lot of cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the death of multiple follicles during the ovarian cycle?

Atresia Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone that stimulates the growth of follicles during the ovarian cycle?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms from the collapsed follicle after ovulation?

Corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia in the uterine tubes?

To produce a current for the oocyte to travel to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by the regeneration of the endometrium and rising estrogen levels?

Proliferative phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of the uterus that is released during the menses phase of the menstrual cycle?

Thicker functional layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the breasts in the reproductive system?

To provide milk or colostrum through lactation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the degradation of the corpus luteum in the absence of pregnancy?

Shedding of the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of hormonal birth control?

Supplying a constant amount of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Y chromosome in the development of the male reproductive system?

To trigger the cascade of factors that differentiate the male reproductive system Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of poor nutrition on puberty in females?

Increased body fat leading to earlier puberty Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the growth spurt in males?

11-13 years old Signup and view all the answers