Reproductive Pathogens and Commensal Organisms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common route for pathogens to enter the reproductive tract in stallions and bulls?

  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Nervous system
  • Respiratory tract (correct)
  • Urinary tract

Which of the following viruses may cause pregnancy loss in horses if the female is pregnant?

  • BoHV1
  • FeHV1
  • EHV1 (correct)
  • CaHV1

Which virus causes vesicular lesions on the penis and vulva in dogs?

  • CaHV1 (correct)
  • BoHV1
  • EHV3
  • FeHV1

Which of the following animals should be screened for Campylobacter and Trichomonas when purchasing a non-virgin?

<p>Bulls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals should undergo routine serology for diseases that affect reproduction, such as BVD, IBR, and Lepto?

<p>Cows (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals should be screened for Toxoplasma and EAE by serology if they are empty or have aborted?

<p>Ewes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes genital herpes in humans and may result in fetal infection via systemic infection of the dam?

<p>Herpes simplex virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals should undergo routine vaccination for EHV?

<p>Stallions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals should undergo routine vaccination for CaHV1 during pregnancy?

<p>Bitches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals should undergo routine serology for FeLV and FIV?

<p>Queens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for reproductive pathogens in females?

<p>Via semen or vaginal secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species can develop mating-induced endometritis?

<p>Mare, sow, and bitch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the contamination of the endometrium with commensal organisms post-partum?

<p>Endometritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of metritis in animals?

<p>Sickness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which species is uterine contamination at mating most commonly seen?

<p>Mare, sow, and bitch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause endometritis without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response?

<p>Pathogenic bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive pathogen can cause contagious equine metritis (CEM) in mares?

<p>Taylorella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause endometritis in cows?

<p>Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species are asymptomatic carriers of reproductive pathogens?

<p>Stallions and bulls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier is the first line of defense against the entrance of organisms in females?

<p>Vestibule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier is the third line of defense against the entrance of organisms in females, unless covered with mucus?

<p>Cervix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male reproductive system is normally not colonized by commensal bacteria?

<p>Vas deferens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of commensal organisms in controlling pathogens?

<p>They compete with pathogens for places to live (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between commensals and pathogens?

<p>Pathogens have aggressive tools for invasion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find commensal organisms in the female reproductive system?

<p>Uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find commensal organisms in the male reproductive system?

<p>Urethra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in males?

<p>Maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in females?

<p>Maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the immune response in females target?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which species is vaccination against CaHV1 recommended during pregnancy?

<p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by BoHV1 in cattle and can result in vesicular lesions on the penis and vulva?

<p>Infectious pustulovaginitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the small blister-like lesions around the reproductive tract caused by venereal pathogens?

<p>Vesicular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by FeHV1 in felines and may rarely result in abortion?

<p>Feline rhinotracheitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common routes of transmission for reproductive pathogens in females?

<p>Reproductive pathogens can be transmitted via semen or vaginal secretions (venereal pathogens) or via other routes such as the respiratory tract (non-venereal pathogens).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of uterine contamination with commensals or pathogens?

<p>Uterine contamination with commensals or pathogens can lead to conditions such as endometritis, metritis, pyometra, cervicitis, and vaginitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species are at risk of developing endometritis post-mating without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response?

<p>Mares, sows, and bitches are at risk of developing endometritis post-mating without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of commensal organisms in controlling pathogens?

<p>Commensal organisms may help control pathogens as they compete with them for places to live and they may also prime the immune system against pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do we find commensal organisms in the female reproductive system?

<p>Commensal organisms can be found in various parts of the female reproductive system, including the perineum, vulva, clitoris, vestibule, vagina, cervix, and uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in females?

<p>Innate immunity in females helps maintain the balance of commensal bacteria, pathogens, and any introduced bacteria, allogenic sperm, and the immunologically distinct fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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