39 Questions
Which of the following is a common route for pathogens to enter the reproductive tract in stallions and bulls?
Respiratory tract
Which of the following viruses may cause pregnancy loss in horses if the female is pregnant?
EHV1
Which virus causes vesicular lesions on the penis and vulva in dogs?
CaHV1
Which of the following animals should be screened for Campylobacter and Trichomonas when purchasing a non-virgin?
Bulls
Which of the following animals should undergo routine serology for diseases that affect reproduction, such as BVD, IBR, and Lepto?
Cows
Which of the following animals should be screened for Toxoplasma and EAE by serology if they are empty or have aborted?
Ewes
Which virus causes genital herpes in humans and may result in fetal infection via systemic infection of the dam?
Herpes simplex virus
Which of the following animals should undergo routine vaccination for EHV?
Stallions
Which of the following animals should undergo routine vaccination for CaHV1 during pregnancy?
Bitches
Which of the following animals should undergo routine serology for FeLV and FIV?
Queens
Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for reproductive pathogens in females?
Via semen or vaginal secretion
Which species can develop mating-induced endometritis?
Mare, sow, and bitch
What is the term used to describe the contamination of the endometrium with commensal organisms post-partum?
Endometritis
Which of the following is a symptom of metritis in animals?
Sickness
In which species is uterine contamination at mating most commonly seen?
Mare, sow, and bitch
Which of the following can cause endometritis without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response?
Pathogenic bacteria
Which reproductive pathogen can cause contagious equine metritis (CEM) in mares?
Taylorella
Which of the following can cause endometritis in cows?
Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis
Which of the following species are asymptomatic carriers of reproductive pathogens?
Stallions and bulls
Which barrier is the first line of defense against the entrance of organisms in females?
Vestibule
Which barrier is the third line of defense against the entrance of organisms in females, unless covered with mucus?
Cervix
Which part of the male reproductive system is normally not colonized by commensal bacteria?
Vas deferens
What is the role of commensal organisms in controlling pathogens?
They compete with pathogens for places to live
What is the main difference between commensals and pathogens?
Pathogens have aggressive tools for invasion
Where do we find commensal organisms in the female reproductive system?
Uterus
Where do we find commensal organisms in the male reproductive system?
Urethra
What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in males?
Maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria
What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in females?
Maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria
What does the immune response in females target?
All of the above
In which species is vaccination against CaHV1 recommended during pregnancy?
Dogs
Which disease is caused by BoHV1 in cattle and can result in vesicular lesions on the penis and vulva?
Infectious pustulovaginitis
What is the term used to describe the small blister-like lesions around the reproductive tract caused by venereal pathogens?
Vesicular disease
Which disease is caused by FeHV1 in felines and may rarely result in abortion?
Feline rhinotracheitis
What are the common routes of transmission for reproductive pathogens in females?
Reproductive pathogens can be transmitted via semen or vaginal secretions (venereal pathogens) or via other routes such as the respiratory tract (non-venereal pathogens).
What are the consequences of uterine contamination with commensals or pathogens?
Uterine contamination with commensals or pathogens can lead to conditions such as endometritis, metritis, pyometra, cervicitis, and vaginitis.
Which species are at risk of developing endometritis post-mating without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response?
Mares, sows, and bitches are at risk of developing endometritis post-mating without the requirement for an abnormal uterine response.
What is the role of commensal organisms in controlling pathogens?
Commensal organisms may help control pathogens as they compete with them for places to live and they may also prime the immune system against pathogens.
Where do we find commensal organisms in the female reproductive system?
Commensal organisms can be found in various parts of the female reproductive system, including the perineum, vulva, clitoris, vestibule, vagina, cervix, and uterus.
What is the role of innate immunity in maintaining the balance of commensal bacteria in females?
Innate immunity in females helps maintain the balance of commensal bacteria, pathogens, and any introduced bacteria, allogenic sperm, and the immunologically distinct fetus.
Test your knowledge on reproductive pathogens and commensal organisms with this quiz. Learn about the role of commensals in invasion and their potential to be harmful. Explore how commensals and pathogens compete for living spaces and their impact on controlling pathogens.
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