FARM: Reproduction: Mastitis Intro and Immunity

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Which of the following is a possible way for cows to acquire mastitis?

Through inhalation of airborne pathogens

Through ingestion of contaminated feed

Through transfer of viable pathogens on the teat end (correct)

Through contact with infected animals

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

Death due to toxaemia

Permanent damage to the udder and reduced milk yield

Spread of infection within the herd

Enhanced immunity against future infections (correct)

Which of the following pathogens is considered an environmental pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Strep. Agalactiae

Strep. dysgalactiae

Strep. uberis (correct)

Staph. aureus

Which of the following pathogens is considered a contagious pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Strep. Agalactiae Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome if a cow does not clear a mastitis infection?

Permanent damage to the udder and reduced milk yield Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the consequences of mastitis infection in cows?

The number and type of invading pathogens and the cow's immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

Permanent damage to udder Signup and view all the answers

How do cows acquire mastitis?

Through contact with contaminated teat end Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is considered an environmental pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Streptococcus uberis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pathogens is considered a contagious pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Streptococcus agalactiae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transfer for viable pathogens to cause mastitis in cows?

Contact Signup and view all the answers

What determines the consequences of mastitis infection in cows?

Number and type of invading pathogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of high SCC milk?

Outbreaks of CM or SCC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transfer for viable pathogens to cause mastitis in cows?

Teat lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the mammary gland defense system is a first line of defense?

Innate immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of preventing colonisation of teat skin with bacteria?

Bacteriostatic fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can compromise the teat skin defense system?

Warts Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to prevent post milking teat lesions?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the acquired immune system in the mammary gland defense system?

Humoral memory and cellular memory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the teat sphincter muscle?

To close the teat canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the keratin plug that forms over the teat end?

To seal the teat end Signup and view all the answers

What can cause teat canal damage in cows?

Milking machines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system inside the udder?

Complement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

To inhibit the growth of iron-requiring bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a bacteriocidal protein found in milk?

Lysozyme Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of resident leucocytes in the udder?

Triggering the acquired immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the acquired immune system in the mammary gland defense system?

Activation of B & T lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial substance found in milk?

Complement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactoperoxidase in milk?

To inhibit the growth of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of teat end hyperkeratosis?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of using teat sealants at drying off?

To prevent colonisation of teat skin with bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of events in neutrophil function?

Migration, endothelium, phagocytosis, respiratory burst Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocytes circulate through the lymphatic system and are exposed to antigens in tissue fluids?

B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced by B lymphocytes during the initial immune response?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced by B lymphocytes after repeated exposure to antigens?

IgG2 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphocytes present antigens to T lymphocytes?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells stimulate the immune response by producing cytokines following antigen recognition?

T helper cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT known to affect mammary gland immunity?

Vaccination Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is known to have lower somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis frequency compared to Holstein?

Brown Swiss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a trait currently used for selecting genetic resistance to mastitis?

Clinical mastitis incidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of having a low somatic cell count (SCC) in cows?

Decreased susceptibility to mastitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

Neutralizing pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What can compromise the teat skin defense system in cows?

Teat canal damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the teat sphincter muscle in cows?

Regulating milk flow Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can result in slow migration and weaker activity of leucocytes?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Sub-acute Rumen Acidosis (SARA) in cows?

Reduced appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is authorized in the U.K. for mastitis protection and reduces the incidence and severity of clinical mastitis?

Startvac Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is Startvac vaccine designed to protect against?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of using teat sealants at drying off?

Reduce incidence of clinical mastitis Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is included in UBAC vaccination but has little efficacy information available in the U.K.?

Strep. Uberis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

Weaken teat sphincter mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency can lead to hypocalcaemia in cows?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the mammary gland defense system is a first line of defense against mastitis?

Teat sphincter mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of lactation is associated with a high risk of acquiring new mastitis infections?

Peri-parturient period Signup and view all the answers

During the dry period, why do existing bacterial infections persist despite the use of long-acting antibiotics at drying off?

Bacteria are not flushed out Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells have reduced phagocytic function in peri-parturient cows?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the impaired function of neutrophils in the early dry period?

Presence of fat and cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reduced neutrophil recruitment and phagocytic ability in the periparturient period?

High levels of cortisol, oestradiol, and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the reduced phagocytic function of macrophages in peri-parturient cows?

High levels of cortisol, oestradiol, and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the formation of a keratin plug at the teat end during the dry period?

To prevent bacterial entry into the udder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

To prevent bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

FARM: Reproduction: Mastitis Intro and Immunity

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a possible way for cows to acquire mastitis?

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

Which of the following pathogens is considered an environmental pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Which of the following pathogens is considered a contagious pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

What is the potential outcome if a cow does not clear a mastitis infection?

What factors determine the consequences of mastitis infection in cows?

Which of the following is a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

How do cows acquire mastitis?

Which of the following pathogens is considered an environmental pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

Which of the following pathogens is considered a contagious pathogen that can cause mastitis in cows?

What is the primary mode of transfer for viable pathogens to cause mastitis in cows?

What determines the consequences of mastitis infection in cows?

Which of the following is a potential cause of high SCC milk?

What is the primary mode of transfer for viable pathogens to cause mastitis in cows?

Which component of the mammary gland defense system is a first line of defense?

What is the aim of preventing colonisation of teat skin with bacteria?

Which of the following can compromise the teat skin defense system?

What should be done to prevent post milking teat lesions?

What are the components of the acquired immune system in the mammary gland defense system?

Which of the following is the primary function of the teat sphincter muscle?

What is the purpose of the keratin plug that forms over the teat end?

What can cause teat canal damage in cows?

Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system inside the udder?

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

Which of the following is a bacteriocidal protein found in milk?

Which of the following is NOT a function of resident leucocytes in the udder?

What is the primary function of the acquired immune system in the mammary gland defense system?

Which of the following is NOT an antimicrobial substance found in milk?

What is the primary function of lactoperoxidase in milk?

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of teat end hyperkeratosis?

What is the primary aim of using teat sealants at drying off?

Which of the following is the correct order of events in neutrophil function?

Which type of lymphocytes circulate through the lymphatic system and are exposed to antigens in tissue fluids?

Which type of antibody is produced by B lymphocytes during the initial immune response?

Which type of antibody is produced by B lymphocytes after repeated exposure to antigens?

Which type of lymphocytes present antigens to T lymphocytes?

Which type of T cells stimulate the immune response by producing cytokines following antigen recognition?

Which of the following factors is NOT known to affect mammary gland immunity?

Which breed is known to have lower somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis frequency compared to Holstein?

Which of the following is NOT a trait currently used for selecting genetic resistance to mastitis?

What is the potential consequence of having a low somatic cell count (SCC) in cows?

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

What can compromise the teat skin defense system in cows?

What is the primary function of the teat sphincter muscle in cows?

Which vitamin deficiency can result in slow migration and weaker activity of leucocytes?

What is the primary consequence of Sub-acute Rumen Acidosis (SARA) in cows?

Which vaccine is authorized in the U.K. for mastitis protection and reduces the incidence and severity of clinical mastitis?

Which pathogen is Startvac vaccine designed to protect against?

What is the primary aim of using teat sealants at drying off?

Which pathogen is included in UBAC vaccination but has little efficacy information available in the U.K.?

What is a potential consequence of mastitis infection in cows?

Which mineral deficiency can lead to hypocalcaemia in cows?

Which component of the mammary gland defense system is a first line of defense against mastitis?

Which stage of lactation is associated with a high risk of acquiring new mastitis infections?

During the dry period, why do existing bacterial infections persist despite the use of long-acting antibiotics at drying off?

Which immune cells have reduced phagocytic function in peri-parturient cows?

What is the primary reason for the impaired function of neutrophils in the early dry period?

What is the primary reason for the reduced neutrophil recruitment and phagocytic ability in the periparturient period?

What is the primary reason for the reduced phagocytic function of macrophages in peri-parturient cows?

What is the primary reason for the formation of a keratin plug at the teat end during the dry period?

What is the primary function of lactoferrin in milk?

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