NCERT - REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH - 24 - 25
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Questions and Answers

What is one benefit of educating adolescents about reproductive health?

  • It helps to control population growth. (correct)
  • It eliminates the need for birth control.
  • It guarantees a healthy marriage.
  • It prevents all diseases.

    • Amniocentesis is legally allowed for the purpose of sex-determination.

    False

    What is the name of the new oral contraceptive developed in India?

    Saheli

    Increased awareness of __________ can help combat social evils like sex abuse.

    <p>reproductive health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health topics with their descriptions:

    <p>STDs = Infections transmitted through sexual contact AIDS = A chronic disease caused by HIV Contraception = Methods to prevent pregnancy Post-natal care = Care provided to mothers and infants after childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement for the successful implementation of reproductive health action plans?

    <p>Stronger infrastructural facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research in reproduction-related areas is neither encouraged nor supported by governmental agencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problems can arise from uncontrolled population growth?

    <p>Social evils, resource depletion, and health crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of condoms?

    <p>To prevent STIs and unwanted pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diaphragms are reusable contraceptive devices that cover the cervix.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a popular male condom brand.

    <p>Nirodh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs) are inserted into the uterus through the __________.

    <p>vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contraceptive methods with their description:

    <p>Condoms = Barriers made of rubber for male or female use Diaphragms = Rubber barriers inserted to cover the cervix Copper T (CuT) = A type of IUD that releases copper Hormone releasing IUDs = Makes the uterus unsuitable for implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional benefit do condoms provide besides preventing conception?

    <p>They protect against contracting STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IUDs can be used as a method of contraception without any medical intervention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for?

    <p>Implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major risk of untreated STIs?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals over the age of 24 are immune to STIs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should one do if there is doubt about a possible STI?

    <p>Go to a qualified doctor for early detection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a method of __________.

    <p>fertilisation outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors with their roles in infertility:

    <p>Physical = Biological reasons affecting fertility Congenital = Inborn conditions affecting reproduction Immunological = Body's immune response interfering with reproductive processes Psychological = Mental health factors that may impact fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group reports the highest incidence of STIs?

    <p>15-24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preventive measures for STIs include having multiple sexual partners.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used for?

    <p>To assist couples in having children when natural conception is not possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main reasons for performing Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)?

    <p>To remove unwanted abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MTP is considered relatively safe during the third trimester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two common sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

    <p>Gonorrhoea and syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One consequence of illegal MTPs is that they can be _______.

    <p>fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sexually transmitted infections with their characteristics:

    <p>Gonorrhoea = Bacterial infection causing discharge HIV = Virus that leads to AIDS Hepatitis-B = Virus affecting the liver Genital herpes = Viral infection causing sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dangerous trend associated with the use of amniocentesis?

    <p>It is sometimes used to determine the sex of the unborn child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sexually transmitted infections are not curable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method through which STIs can be transmitted besides sexual intercourse.

    <p>Sharing of injection needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GIFT method stand for?

    <p>Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ICSI involves the insertion of a sperm into the ovum directly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of artificial insemination?

    <p>To introduce semen into the female for fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The zygote is formed from the fusion of an ovum and a __________.

    <p>sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a result of in vitro fertilization?

    <p>Natural conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reproductive techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>ZIFT = Zygote transfer to the fallopian tube IUI = Intra-uterine insemination IVF = In vitro fertilization AI = Artificial insemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All assisted reproductive technologies are widely accessible and affordable in many countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate aim of the methods described in the content?

    <p>To have children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key priority for improving reproductive health in society?

    <p>Counselling and awareness about reproductive organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy is only performed in cases of medical emergencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some contraceptive methods available today?

    <p>Natural methods, barrier methods, IUDs, pills, injectables, implants, and surgical methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inability to conceive after __________ years of unprotected sexual cohabitation is defined as infertility.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>STIs = Diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse Infertility = Inability to conceive after 2 years of unprotected intercourse MTP = Legalized procedure to terminate unwanted pregnancy IVF = Test Tube Baby Programme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)?

    <p>Menstrual irregularities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using condoms during sexual intercourse can help prevent STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant effect of improved reproductive health care?

    <p>Reduced maternal and infant mortality rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Male and female condoms can be reused.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of IUD mentioned in the content.

    <p>Copper T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condoms help protect against __________ in addition to preventing conception.

    <p>STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the contraceptive method with its description:

    <p>Condoms = Barriers made of rubber to cover reproductive organs Diaphragms = Reusable barrier that covers the cervix Intra Uterine Devices = Inserted into the uterus to prevent implantation Spermicidal creams = Used alongside barriers to enhance contraceptive effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding hormone-releasing IUDs?

    <p>They suppress sperm motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults can be used without medical intervention.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the copper ions released by copper-releasing IUDs do?

    <p>Suppress sperm motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly suggested reason for population explosion?

    <p>Changes in cultural perspectives on family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete lactation is considered a natural method of contraception.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one measure that can be taken to prevent contracting STDs.

    <p>Using condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after ________ years of unprotected sexual cohabitation.

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reproductive health encompass according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?

    <p>Total well-being in all aspects of reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of sex education in schools is discouraged to prevent misinformation about sex-related aspects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major tasks of the Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes?

    <p>Creating awareness about reproduction-related aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    India initiated action plans for reproductive health in the year __________.

    <p>1951</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of reproductive health with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical health = Normal functioning of reproductive organs Emotional health = Mental well-being related to sexual relationships Social health = Healthy interpersonal relationships regarding reproduction Behavioral health = Safe practices in sexual behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of family planning programs initiated in India?

    <p>To achieve total reproductive health as a social goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Governmental and non-governmental agencies have taken minimal steps to raise awareness about reproductive health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who plays a significant role in disseminating information about reproductive health?

    <p>Parents, relatives, teachers, and friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of performing MTP illegally by unqualified practitioners?

    <p>It may be dangerous and potentially fatal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second trimester abortions are considered to be relatively safe.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one sexually transmitted infection that can also be transmitted through sharing needles.

    <p>HIV or hepatitis-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MTPs are often essential when the continuation of pregnancy could be _______ to the mother or foetus.

    <p>harmful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about amniocentesis is correct?

    <p>It can be misused to determine the sex of the unborn child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All sexually transmitted infections are curable with proper treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the need for effective counseling regarding reproductive health?

    <p>To avoid unprotected coitus and the associated risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a component of reproductive health education?

    <p>Workplace etiquette</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy is illegal in most circumstances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is defined as the inability to conceive after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation?

    <p>infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One method used in assisted reproductive technology is called __________.

    <p>In Vitro Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each waste management practice with its description:

    <p>Natural Methods = Includes calendar and withdrawal methods Barrier Methods = Prevents sperm from reaching the egg Hormonal Methods = Includes pills and injectables to prevent ovulation Surgical Methods = Permanently prevents pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common precaution to avoid contracting STIs?

    <p>Using condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant outcome of improved reproductive health programs?

    <p>Reduced maternal and infant mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptives are regularly required for reproductive health maintenance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method uses a sperm injection directly into the ovum?

    <p>ICSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial insemination can correct infertility cases due to low sperm counts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ZIFT stand for?

    <p>Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process in which ova and sperm are combined in a laboratory to form an embryo is called __________.

    <p>in vitro fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the assisted reproductive techniques with their descriptions:

    <p>ZIFT = Transfer of zygote into the fallopian tube IUT = Transfer of embryos into the uterus GIFT = Transfer of gametes into the fallopian tube AI = Artificial introduction of semen into the female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the inability to conceive after a certain period?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emotional and social factors can affect the adoption of assisted reproductive technologies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate aim of assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>To have children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family planning programs in India were initiated in 1961.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary strategies to create awareness about reproductive health in society?

    <p>Educational programs or sex education in schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to WHO, individuals are considered reproductively healthy when they have physically and functionally normal reproductive organs and normal __________ interactions.

    <p>emotional and behavioural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health programs with their focus areas:

    <p>Family Planning = Total reproductive health as a social goal Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) = Support for mothers and infants Sex Education = Dissemination of accurate information Awareness Campaigns = Community engagement and knowledge enhancement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major task under reproductive health programs in India?

    <p>Creating awareness about reproduction-related aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parents and teachers play a significant role in disseminating reproductive health information.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improving reproductive health helps combat social evils such as __________.

    <p>sex abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a suggested reason for population explosion?

    <p>Lack of access to contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infertility is always caused by abnormalities in the female partner.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some measures one should take to prevent contracting STDs?

    <p>Using condoms, getting regular screenings, limiting the number of sexual partners, and practicing abstinence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete lactation can help serve as a natural method of __________.

    <p>contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves injecting a sperm directly into an ovum?

    <p>ICSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of assisting infertile couples with their descriptions:

    <p>In vitro fertilization = Fertilization occurs outside the body IUI = Sperm is directly placed into the uterus ICSI = Sperm is injected directly into the egg Surrogacy = An alternative mother carries the baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial insemination (AI) can only be performed with semen from a husband.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of assisted reproductive techniques?

    <p>To help couples conceive a child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method in which embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the uterus is called __________.

    <p>IUT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive technologies with their descriptions:

    <p>ZIFT = Transfer of zygote to the fallopian tube GIFT = Transfer of ova into the fallopian tube IUI = Intra-uterine insemination AI = Artificial introduction of semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is GIFT an abbreviation for?

    <p>Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a method that allows fertilization to occur outside the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason why assisted reproductive technologies may not be widely adopted.

    <p>Cost or emotional/social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential feature of oral contraceptive pills?

    <p>They must be taken daily for 21 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestogens in combination with estrogen can be used in surgical methods for contraception.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is called when a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up?

    <p>Vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emergency contraceptives can be administered within __________ hours of unprotected intercourse.

    <p>72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the contraceptive methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Oral Contraceptive Pills = Taken daily for 21 days Tubectomy = Surgical method for female sterilization Vasectomy = Surgical method for male sterilization Implants = Inserted under the skin for long-term contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Saheli, the new oral contraceptive?

    <p>Is a once-a-week pill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reversibility of tubectomy is very high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two methods of surgical sterilization mentioned for males and females?

    <p>Vasectomy for males and tubectomy for females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant risk factor associated with performing Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) illegally?

    <p>Use by unqualified practitioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common sexually transmitted infection (STI).

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    STIs can be transmitted through sharing of injection needles, transfusion of _____, or from an infected mother to the foetus.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following STIs with their characteristics:

    <p>Gonorrhoea = Bacterial infection often causing pain and discharge HIV = Viral infection that can lead to AIDS Syphilis = Bacterial infection that can cause serious health issues if untreated Genital herpes = Viral infection characterized by painful sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concerning trend related to amniocentesis highlighted in the content?

    <p>Determining the sex of the unborn child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sexually transmitted infections are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early symptoms of most STIs may include itching, fluid discharge, slight _____, and swellings in the genital region.

    <p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of contraceptive methods?

    <p>To avoid or delay pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improved reproductive health has led to increased maternal and infant mortality rates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inability to conceive after __________ years of unprotected sexual cohabitation is called infertility.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is commonly known as the 'Test Tube Baby' Programme?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early detection of STIs does not significantly impact treatment outcomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one simple precaution to avoid contracting STIs.

    <p>Use condoms during sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of illegal Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)?

    <p>Increased risk of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is safe during the second trimester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is not curable.

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbreviation STI stands for __________.

    <p>sexually transmitted infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of amniocentesis?

    <p>It should not be used to determine the sex of the unborn child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most STIs can be transmitted through sharing needles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why effective counseling on reproductive health is important?

    <p>To avoid unprotected coitus and the risks of illegal abortions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reproductive health include according to WHO?

    <p>Total well-being in all aspects of reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    India was one of the first countries to initiate family planning programs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major tasks under reproductive health programs?

    <p>Creating awareness about reproduction-related aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ refers to the overall well-being in all aspects of reproduction.

    <p>reproductive health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health initiatives with their goals:

    <p>Family Planning = To control population growth Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) = To promote reproductive health Sex Education in Schools = To provide accurate information to youth Awareness Campaigns = To inform the public on reproduction-related issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT commonly used to create awareness about reproductive health?

    <p>Family discussions only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sex education in schools discourages children from believing in myths about sexual health.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parents and teachers play in reproductive health awareness?

    <p>Dissemination of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the suggested reasons for population explosion?

    <p>High birth rates coupled with decline in mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactation can serve as a natural form of contraception.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method that can assist infertile couples in having children.

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniocentesis for sex determination has been banned due to concerns over __________.

    <p>gender discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their explanations:

    <p>Infertility = Inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse Contraceptives = Methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) = Infections commonly transmitted through sexual contact Amniocentesis = Procedure to test for genetic disorders during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of Intra Uterine Device (IUD)?

    <p>Barrier IUDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condoms can be reused.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using condoms?

    <p>To prevent conception and protect against STIs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is a popular brand of male condom.

    <p>Nirodh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contraceptive methods with their characteristics:

    <p>Condoms = Disposable barrier method Diaphragms = Reusable barrier method Copper T = Non-medicated IUD Progestasert = Hormone releasing IUD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism by which copper ions in Copper T IUDs work?

    <p>Suppress sperm motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus suitable for implantation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential advantage of using diaphragms and cervical caps?

    <p>They can be reused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary goal of reproductive and child health care programs?

    <p>Assist with pregnancy and related medical issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is only allowed in cases of severe medical emergencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inability to conceive after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation?

    <p>infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using __________ during sexual intercourse can help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    <p>condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of contraception with their descriptions:

    <p>Natural methods = Reliance on natural cycles to prevent pregnancy Barrier methods = Physical block to prevent sperm from reaching the egg Hormonal methods = Use of hormones to prevent ovulation Surgical methods = Permanent solutions like tubal ligation or vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early detection of STIs is crucial for effective treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Various __________ options are available for contraception, such as pills and IUDs.

    <p>contraceptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assisted reproductive technique involves injecting a sperm directly into the ovum?

    <p>Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial insemination can be performed only with sperm collected from a husband.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of using assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>To help couples conceive and have children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The transfer of embryos with more than 8 blastomeres is done during __________.

    <p>intra uterine transfer (IUT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the accessibility of assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>They require high precision handling and are limited in availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the emotional and social factors that can deter couples from using assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>Emotional, religious, and social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional benefit do condoms provide aside from preventing conception?

    <p>They protect against STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IUDs are only available as hormone-releasing devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a popular brand of male condom?

    <p>Nirodh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are inserted into the uterus through the vagina for contraception.

    <p>Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following increases the contraceptive efficiency of diaphragms?

    <p>Spermicidal creams or jellies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condoms are reusable devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do copper ions released by Copper T have on sperm?

    <p>They suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is considered most dangerous?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of illegal medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)?

    <p>It can be fatal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is the method used to determine the sex of an unborn child.

    <p>Amniocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which trimester is a medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) considered relatively safe?

    <p>First trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexually transmitted infections can only be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the common symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which oral contraceptive pills prevent pregnancy?

    <p>They inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saheli is a daily oral contraceptive that causes several side effects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical methods are performed in men and women to prevent further pregnancies?

    <p>Vasectomy in men and tubectomy in women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emergency contraceptives should be administered within ______ hours of unprotected intercourse.

    <p>72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contraceptive methods with their features:

    <p>Oral contraceptive pills = Daily intake for 21 days Saheli = Once a week intake Vasectomy = Male sterilization procedure Tubectomy = Female sterilization procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using progestogens in contraception?

    <p>Highly effective and longer effective periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both vasectomy and tubectomy can be easily reversed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main modes of action of contraceptive pills?

    <p>Inhibiting ovulation and altering cervical mucus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of contraceptive?

    <p>Soundwave therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is legal for unwanted pregnancies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for inability to conceive after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation?

    <p>infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be prevented by using __________ during sexual intercourse.

    <p>condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following contraceptive methods with their type:

    <p>Pills = Hormonal method Condoms = Barrier method IUDs = Intrauterine device Surgical methods = Permanent method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of untreated STIs?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All sexually transmitted infections are curable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one precaution to avoid contracting STIs.

    <p>Avoid sexual intercourse with unknown partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to promote social responsibility in society regarding reproductive health?

    <p>Create awareness of issues like sex abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniocentesis is allowed for fetal sex-determination under legal regulations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of providing education about reproductive health to adolescents?

    <p>To lead a reproductively healthy life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oral contraceptive ________ was developed by scientists at CDRI in Lucknow.

    <p>Saheli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health practices with their objectives:

    <p>Breastfeeding = Promotes infant health Mass immunization = Prevents childhood diseases Contraception education = Reduces unwanted pregnancies Post-natal care = Ensures mother and child well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a crucial feature for the successful implementation of reproductive health action plans?

    <p>Strong infrastructural facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is no need for ongoing research in reproduction-related areas as existing methods are sufficient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Education on available birth control options can help promote ________ family sizes.

    <p>desired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act?

    <p>To legalize the termination of pregnancies under certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptives are always necessary for maintaining reproductive health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two opinions required for a pregnancy termination between 12 to 24 weeks?

    <p>Two registered medical practitioners' opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their implications for pregnancy termination:

    <p>Risk to the life of the pregnant woman = Legal ground for MTP Substantial risk of child suffering from physical conditions = Legal ground for MTP Personal reasons for delaying pregnancy = Not a legal ground for MTP Pregnancy lasted over 24 weeks = Not permissible for MTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible ill-effect of contraceptive methods?

    <p>Breakthrough bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MTP is only performed in medical emergencies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a risk to a woman's mental health during pregnancy classify as under the MTP Act?

    <p>A legal ground for abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method based on periodic abstinence?

    <p>Abstaining from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lactational amenorrhea method can be effective for more than six months after parturition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary advantage of natural contraceptive methods?

    <p>Minimal or no side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In barrier methods of contraception, the primary aim is to prevent the meeting of the ovum and ________.

    <p>sperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of contraceptives includes methods like oral contraceptives and injectables?

    <p>Hormonal methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptive methods that involve surgery are completely reversible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common type of barrier method of contraception.

    <p>Condom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in preventing social evils related to reproductive health?

    <p>Awareness about reproductive health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A statutory ban on amniocentesis aims to reduce the occurrence of female foeticides.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one important aspect of post-natal care.

    <p>Breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm as a contraceptive method?

    <p>To block the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Copper-releasing IUDs enhance the motility of sperms in the uterus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research on reproduction-related areas is encouraged by __________ and non-governmental agencies.

    <p>governmental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Down syndrome = A genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability Haemophilia = A genetic disorder that affects blood clotting Sickle-cell anemia = A genetic disorder that affects hemoglobin Infertility = The inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of hormone-releasing IUD.

    <p>Progestasert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a responsibility regarding birth control?

    <p>Educating couples about available birth control options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Condoms are often used as a barrier method to prevent the entry of __________ into the female reproductive tract.

    <p>sperms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Massive child immunization programs have no impact on population health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Successful implementation of reproductive health action plans requires strong __________ facilities.

    <p>infrastructural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using condoms?

    <p>They are reusable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IUDs can only be inserted by a trained medical professional.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spermicide when used with barrier methods?

    <p>To increase contraceptive efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial insemination can correct infertility due to low sperm counts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of assisted reproductive technologies (ART)?

    <p>To help couples conceive and have children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of injecting sperm directly into the ovum is known as __________.

    <p>Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assisted reproductive technologies with their descriptions:

    <p>ZIFT = Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer IUT = Intra Uterine Transfer AI = Artificial Insemination GIFT = Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the cost of assisted reproductive technologies is correct?

    <p>Their benefits are limited to a small number of people due to high costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All assisted reproductive technologies are available in many centers across the country.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statement(s) about contraceptives is correct?

    <p>Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one emotional factor that may deter couples from using assisted reproductive technologies.

    <p>Fear of failure or societal stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniocentesis is legal in the country for sex determination purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method to help assist infertile couples in having children.

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the key reasons for population explosion is ________.

    <p>lack of family planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major risk associated with illegal Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)?

    <p>High likelihood of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are often severe and very noticeable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increase in illegal MTPs?

    <p>Unwanted pregnancies due to unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also be transmitted by sharing __________.

    <p>injection needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following STIs with their primary characteristics:

    <p>HIV = Can lead to AIDS Gonorrhoea = Causes burning sensation during urination Syphilis = Includes skin rashes as a symptom Genital herpes = Causes painful sores in the genital area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following STIs is often considered the most dangerous?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most STIs, except for a few, are completely curable with proper treatment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to ensure the safety of MTP procedures?

    <p>Illegal abortions performed by unqualified practitioners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of oral contraceptive pills?

    <p>To inhibit ovulation and implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestogens can be administered in the form of injections or implants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure for male sterilization called?

    <p>Vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emergency contraceptive methods are recommended to be used within _____ hours of unprotected intercourse.

    <p>72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Saheli is correct?

    <p>It is a non-steroidal contraceptive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tubectomy has a high reversibility rate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering progestogens within 72 hours of intercourse?

    <p>To prevent possible pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reproductive health encompass according to the World Health Organisation?

    <p>Emotional and social aspects of reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The family planning programs in India were first initiated in 1961.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major task of Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes?

    <p>Creating awareness about reproduction-related aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of __________ in schools aims to provide accurate information about reproductive health.

    <p>sex education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of reproductive health?

    <p>Intellectual development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reproductive health solely focuses on the physical aspects of reproduction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parents and teachers play in reproductive health education?

    <p>They help disseminate information about reproduction-related aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that contributes to reproductive health issues?

    <p>Lack of awareness regarding STDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effective reproductive health education can help in controlling population growth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Saheli' contraceptive?

    <p>It is an oral contraceptive for females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improper use of amniocentesis can lead to __________ of female fetuses.

    <p>female foeticide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health practices with their benefits:

    <p>Breastfeeding = Nourishes the infant and boosts immunity Post-natal care = Supports the mother's recovery Child immunization = Prevents serious infectious diseases Contraception = Helps manage family size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of support is essential for successful implementation of reproductive health action plans?

    <p>Strong infrastructural facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Massive child immunization programs help in reducing population growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two key issues that require awareness to build a healthy society?

    <p>Uncontrolled population growth and sex-related crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of reproductive health awareness programs?

    <p>To prevent sexually transmitted infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is illegal in most countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the inability to conceive after two years of unprotected sexual cohabitation?

    <p>infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of __________ during intercourse can significantly reduce the risk of contracting STIs.

    <p>condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication associated with sexually transmitted infections?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a serious complication resulting from untreated STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advanced reproductive technology is commonly known as the 'Test Tube Baby' program?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe during the first trimester.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infections transmitted through sexual intercourse are referred to as _________.

    <p>sexually transmitted infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sexually transmitted infections with their characteristics:

    <p>Gonorrhoea = Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Syphilis = Caused by Treponema pallidum Genital Herpes = Caused by herpes simplex virus Chlamydiasis = Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dangerous trend associated with amniocentesis?

    <p>It is sometimes misused for sex determination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    STIs can only be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two common symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

    <p>Itching and fluid discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a consequence of untreated STIs?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infertility is often solely the fault of the female partner.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method of assisted reproductive technology mentioned in the content?

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The absence of symptoms in early stages of infection can lead to __________ in infected individuals.

    <p>complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following complications of STIs with their descriptions:

    <p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease = An infection of the female reproductive organs Ectopic Pregnancy = Pregnancy occurring outside the uterus Infertility = Inability to conceive after trying for a year Stillbirth = Death of a baby at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended preventive measure against STIs?

    <p>Using condoms during intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals aged 15-24 are at a higher risk of contracting STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of couples worldwide face infertility issues?

    <p>A large number of couples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family planning programs in India were initiated in 1951 to improve reproductive health.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major tasks under the Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programmes?

    <p>Creating awareness and providing facilities for a reproductively healthy society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Education about reproductive health can help reduce _________________ related misconceptions.

    <p>myths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of reproductive health with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical = Normal function of reproductive organs Emotional = Mental well-being related to sexuality Behavioral = Actions and norms regarding sexual practices Social = Interactions within a community's reproductive issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant benefit of creating awareness about reproductive health?

    <p>Enhanced reproductive health and reduced spread of STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only governmental agencies are responsible for disseminating reproductive health information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be encouraged in schools to provide correct information about reproductive health?

    <p>Sex education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is part of Natural/Traditional contraceptives?

    <p>Periodic abstinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lactational amenorrhea method is effective for as long as the mother breastfeeds her child.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of problems are addressed by educating people about reproductive health?

    <p>Uncontrolled population growth and social evils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an ideal contraceptive method?

    <p>To be user-friendly, effective, reversible, and have the least side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method where the male partner withdraws his penis just before ejaculation is known as ________.

    <p>coitus interruptus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniocentesis is primarily used for testing genetic disorders.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the 'Saheli' contraceptive developed in India?

    <p>It aims to provide a reliable oral contraceptive option for women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major drawback of Natural/Traditional contraceptive methods?

    <p>Potential for user error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Educating adolescents about safe and __________ sexual practices is essential for reproductive health.

    <p>hygienic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barrier methods can be used only by males.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reproductive health programs with their objectives:

    <p>Statutory ban on amniocentesis = Preventing female foeticides Massive child immunisation = Improving child health Awareness campaigns against STDs = Promoting safe sexual practices Research support in reproduction = Developing new reproductive methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options describes aspects of effective reproductive health care?

    <p>Strong infrastructural facilities and professional expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a barrier method.

    <p>Condom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Education on birth control is only necessary for married couples.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method used to address infertility according to the content?

    <p>Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of action for hormonal contraceptive pills?

    <p>Inhibiting ovulation and altering cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saheli is a daily oral contraceptive that requires administration every day for 21 days.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sterilization procedure performed on females?

    <p>tubectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestogens can be administered in the form of injections or __________.

    <p>implants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emergency contraceptives should be administered within how many hours of unprotected intercourse?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reversibility of sterilization procedures like vasectomy and tubectomy is high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function do progestogens serve in contraception?

    <p>inhibit ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest week during pregnancy in which a woman can terminate her pregnancy on the opinion of one registered medical practitioner?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) can only be performed if a woman is in critical health condition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two opinions required if a pregnancy has lasted more than 12 weeks but fewer than 24 weeks?

    <p>Two registered medical practitioners must agree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The act that allows medical termination of pregnancy was legalized in __________.

    <p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) with their definitions:

    <p>Induced Abortion = Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy Medical Practitioners = Professionals qualified to advise on abortions Legalization = Formal approval by law for a procedure Female Foeticide = Illegal practice of aborting female fetuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason that can justify the medical termination of a pregnancy?

    <p>Risk to life or grave injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential ill-effects of contraceptive methods that should not be ignored?

    <p>Nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding, breast cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The widespread use of contraceptives is solely beneficial for population control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered safe during the second trimester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexually transmitted infections are also known as __________ diseases.

    <p>venereal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions can help reverse the trend of illegal MTPs?

    <p>Providing effective counselling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sexually transmitted infections are curable when detected and treated early.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major risks associated with performing MTP illegally?

    <p>Infection or death due to unsafe procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus of reproductive health education for adolescents?

    <p>Understanding puberty and safe sexual practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saheli is an oral contraceptive developed specifically for males.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of amniocentesis help to test for?

    <p>Genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Awareness of the problems due to uncontrolled population growth can help build a __________ society.

    <p>socially responsible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding?

    <p>Provides essential nutrients to the baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Professional expertise is unnecessary for effective reproductive health care.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one program implemented to combat female foeticides?

    <p>Statutory ban on amniocentesis for sex-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suggested reason for population explosion?

    <p>Decreased mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spontaneous abortions can happen naturally.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method suggested to assist infertile couples to have children.

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To prevent contracting STDs, one must use __________ during sexual activity.

    <p>condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum period during which a pregnancy can be terminated based on the opinion of one registered medical practitioner?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) is legal in India since 1971.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition allows for the termination of pregnancy if it lasts more than 12 weeks but less than 24 weeks?

    <p>The opinion of two registered medical practitioners must be that the required grounds exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intentional termination of pregnancy before full term is known as ________.

    <p>medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a ground for the termination of pregnancy?

    <p>The pregnancy involves a risk to the life of the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risks with their descriptions:

    <p>Nausea = A common side effect of some contraceptives Abdominal pain = Can occur after medical termination of pregnancy Breast cancer = A potential long-term risk concern Irregular menstrual bleeding = Examples of side effects associated with contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The widespread use of contraceptives contributes to unchecked population growth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of medical terminations of pregnancy (MTPs) performed globally each year?

    <p>Approximately 45 to 50 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of an ideal contraceptive?

    <p>It should be user-friendly and effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural contraceptive methods have a high chance of failure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the method that prevents conception by avoiding sexual activity during the fertile period?

    <p>Periodic abstinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The withdrawal method is also known as __________.

    <p>coitus interruptus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major complication that can result from untreated STIs?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asymptomatic infections in females can lead to serious health complications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary age group that reports the highest incidence of STIs?

    <p>15-24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method relies on the absence of menstruation during lactation?

    <p>Lactational amenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the methods of assisted reproductive technologies is __________ fertilization.

    <p>in vitro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barrier methods are only available for women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the infertility causes with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical = Conditions affecting the reproductive system Congenital = Birth defects affecting reproduction Immunological = Reactions resulting from the body’s immune system Psychological = Mental health issues impacting fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is lactational amenorrhea considered effective after parturition?

    <p>Up to six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using condoms can reduce the risk of both STIs and unwanted pregnancies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be avoided to prevent STIs?

    <p>Engaging in sexual activity with unknown partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are specialized health care units that help in diagnosing infertility called?

    <p>Infertility clinics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk associated with performing illegal Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)?

    <p>It can be fatal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MTPs are considered completely safe during the second trimester.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one sexually transmitted infection that is not curable if detected early.

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The legal practice of amniocentesis should not be used for __________.

    <p>sex determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sexually transmitted infections with their common characteristics:

    <p>Gonorrhoea = Causes painful urination Syphilis = Can cause long-term health issues if untreated Genital Herpes = Leads to recurrent sores Chlamydiasis = Often asymptomatic but treatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons for performing a Medical Termination of Pregnancy?

    <p>To eliminate unwanted pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can be completely cured.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one symptom that is common among sexually transmitted infections?

    <p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key reason for educating adolescents about reproductive health?

    <p>To promote responsible sexual practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amniocentesis is commonly used to determine the sex of a fetus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of condoms?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major health concern addressed by reproductive health education?

    <p>Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IUDs are only available as non-medicated devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contraceptive method 'Saheli' was developed by scientists in __________.

    <p>India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do copper ions released by CuT have on sperm?

    <p>They suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary aim of family planning education?

    <p>To manage family size and reproductive health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The popular brand of male condom is called __________.

    <p>Nirodh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of IUDs with their characteristics:

    <p>Lippes loop = Non-medicated IUD CuT = Copper releasing IUD Progestasert = Hormone releasing IUD LNG-20 = Hormone releasing IUD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Governmental and non-governmental agencies support research in reproduction-related areas.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Successful implementation of reproductive health action plans requires strong __________.

    <p>infrastructural facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an additional method used with diaphragms to improve contraceptive efficiency?

    <p>Spermicidal creams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both male and female condoms are reusable.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of diaphragms and cervical caps in contraception?

    <p>They block the entry of sperm through the cervix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of action of oral contraceptive pills?

    <p>They inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surgical sterilization methods such as vasectomy and tubectomy are easily reversible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of 'Saheli' as a contraceptive?

    <p>It is a once-a-week pill with few side effects and high contraceptive value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method of preventing pregnancy by blocking the fallopian tube in females is known as __________.

    <p>tubectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the contraceptive methods with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Pills = Daily oral contraceptives that inhibit ovulation Vasectomy = Male sterilization procedure Emergency contraceptives = Used after unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy Implants = Long-acting contraceptive placed under the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must progestogen or progestogen-estrogen combination pills be taken continuously before a gap?

    <p>21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestogens are not effective as emergency contraceptives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used for male sterilization?

    <p>Vasectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration of pregnancy after which two medical practitioners must agree for termination on specific grounds?

    <p>24 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptives are mandatory for maintaining reproductive health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of induced abortion as described in the content?

    <p>To voluntarily terminate a pregnancy before full term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The government of India legalized MTP in ________ to avoid misuse.

    <p>1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the grounds for medical termination of pregnancy with their descriptions:

    <p>Risk to the life of the pregnant woman = Continuation of pregnancy poses health threats Substantial risk of child suffering = Child would suffer from serious physical or mental disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible ill-effect of contraceptive use?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

    <p>Ectopic pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laws regarding medical termination of pregnancy are identical in all countries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most people infected with STIs are immediately symptomatic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assisted reproductive technologies (ART)?

    <p>To help couples conceive when natural conception is not possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intentional termination of pregnancy is known as ________ abortion.

    <p>induced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) are complications that can arise from __________.

    <p>untreated STIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following complications of untreated STIs with their descriptions:

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease = Inflammation of the female reproductive organs Infertility = Inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse Ectopic pregnancy = Pregnancy occurring outside the uterus Stillbirth = Birth of a baby that has died in the womb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has the highest incidence of STIs?

    <p>15-24 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using condoms during coitus can help prevent STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one technique commonly associated with assisted reproductive technologies.

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the collection of ova and sperm to form a zygote in a laboratory environment?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The GIFT method involves transferring an ovum from a donor into the uterus of another female.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for artificially introducing semen into a female's reproductive tract?

    <p>Artificial Insemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred into the __________.

    <p>uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the assisted reproductive technology with its description:

    <p>ZIFT = Transfer of zygote into the fallopian tube IUT = Transfer of embryo into the uterus ICSI = Injection of sperm directly into the ovum GIFT = Transfer of gametes into the fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge limiting the accessibility of assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>The need for high precision handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All techniques related to assisted reproductive technologies are affordable to the general public.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specialized procedure directly injects a sperm into an ovum?

    <p>Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary health risk associated with illegal abortions?

    <p>They can be unsafe and potentially fatal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infections that are transmitted through sexual contact are called __________.

    <p>sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can act as a preventive measure against STIs?

    <p>Condom usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most STIs are curable if detected early and treated properly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributed to the explosive growth of the population in the last century?

    <p>Rapid decline in death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incentives are offered to couples with small families as a measure to control population growth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common contraceptive method mentioned that helps prevent unwanted pregnancies?

    <p>Condoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Statutory raising of marriageable age for females is to __________ years.

    <p>18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which slogan is commonly associated with promoting smaller families?

    <p>Hum Do Hamare Do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The population growth rate in India was more than 2 percent according to the 2011 census.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a serious consequence of unchecked population growth?

    <p>Scarcity of basic resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly referred to as the ‘Test Tube Baby’ Programme?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptives are necessary for everyone to maintain reproductive health.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is performed to terminate an ______.

    <p>unwanted pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avoiding sexual intercourse with unknown partners can help reduce the risk of contracting STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of improved reproductive health care?

    <p>Reduced maternal and infant mortality rates, improved STI management, and better fertility assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial insemination can correct infertility in both male and female partners.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method involves transferring embryos into the uterus after fertilization?

    <p>Intra Uterine Transfer (IUT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GIFT stands for __________.

    <p>Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of assisted reproductive technologies?

    <p>Low rates of success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All assisted reproductive technologies require low precision handling.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of all reproductive techniques mentioned?

    <p>To have children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major complication of untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All individuals, regardless of age, are at risk of STIs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one preventive measure to avoid STIs?

    <p>Using condoms during sexual intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are the same as natural conception.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common misconception about infertility in couples?

    <p>That the female partner is always responsible for infertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraceptive method involves a once-a-week pill with few side effects?

    <p>Saheli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surgical methods of contraception are reversible and can be performed easily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main reasons progestogens are administered?

    <p>Inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contraceptive pills are typically taken daily for a period of ________ days.

    <p>21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT used for emergency contraception?

    <p>Tubectomy surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following procedures with their descriptions:

    <p>Vasectomy = Surgical method for male sterilization Tubectomy = Surgical method for female sterilization IUD = Device used to prevent implantation Oral contraceptive pills = Daily pill taken for contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do pills have on cervical mucus?

    <p>Thickens it to prevent sperm entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestogens can only be administered orally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive Health

    • Reproductive health encompasses the total well-being in all aspects of reproduction (physical, emotional, behavioral, and social), according to the WHO.
    • A reproductively healthy society has normal reproductive organs, and healthy emotional and behavioral interactions related to sexual aspects.
    • India initiated national-level family planning programs in 1951, periodically assessing their effectiveness; these programs have expanded over time to include wider aspects of reproductive health.
    • Creating awareness around various reproductive aspects, including safe practices and knowledge about STIs, is vital for reproductive health. Proper information is crucial to avoid misconceptions and address societal needs.
    • Creating awareness and providing facilities to build a reproductively healthy society are key aspects of national programs, covering diverse aspects and addressing wider societal needs.
    • Reproductive health means a total well-being in all aspects of reproduction.

    Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies

    • India was one of the first countries to establish national-level programs for total reproductive health goals, viewing it as a significant social goal.
    • These programs, called family planning programs, were initiated in 1951, and reviewed periodically, expanding over the years to encompass more comprehensive aspects of reproductive health. Programs have broadened to cover wider societal needs.
    • Increased health facilities and improved living conditions have led to a significant increase in population growth, necessitating strategies that address and influence population growth.
    • Action plans and programs were implemented to achieve total reproductive health, recognizing it as a social goal.
    • Family planning programs were periodically assessed, with the aim to improve and broaden the programs’ coverage of wider aspects, acknowledging updated research, experience, and changing societal values.

    Population Stabilization and Birth Control

    • World population grew rapidly from 2 billion in 1900 to 7.2 billion in 2011; India's population also experienced substantial growth since independence, rising from approximately 350 million to over 1.2 billion by 2011 due in part to rising populations in the reproductive age bracket and declining mortality rates.
    • Decreased mortality rates, and increased reproductive-age individuals contributed to this growth; these trends are factors requiring public health interventions to address potential population pressures.
    • To address population growth, smaller families are prioritized through encouragement of family planning and usage of contraceptives, acknowledging the various factors impacting reproductive health.
    • Appropriate and user-friendly contraceptives are crucial. Methods include natural/traditional methods, barrier methods, IUDs, oral contraceptives, injectables, implants, and surgical procedures (vasectomy, tubectomy).
    • Campaigns, advocating smaller families, and promoting the use of contraceptives are important strategies for population stabilization.
    • The "Hum Do Hamare Do" campaign promotes small families.
    • Raising marriageable ages is a strategy used to curb population growth; incentives for smaller families are offered.
    • Improved reproductive health leads to reduced maternal and infant mortality rates, enabling more people to live longer; better detection and treatment of STIs are vital; enhanced medical facilities, including assisted deliveries, better postnatal care, and treatment for STIs contribute to reproductive health.
    • Development of new contraceptives, like Saheli in India, showcases advancements in reproductive health, a crucial measure in reproductive health programs.
    • Increased access and availability of family planning resources and better post-natal support are crucial strategies for a healthy society.

    Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as venereal diseases (VDs) or reproductive tract infections (RTIs), can be transmitted through sexual contact and other means; this means awareness and education about STIs is crucial.
    • Common STIs include gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydia, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS (discussed further in Chapter 7).
    • Early detection is crucial for complete cure, as some infections can be asymptomatic; treatment is possible for most STIs when detected early.
    • Prevention is key through safe sexual practices, avoiding multiple partners, and consistent condom use. Education about STIs and safe sexual practices is vital.
    • STIs can also be transmitted through shared needles, blood transfusions, or from a mother to her child during pregnancy and birth.
    • Proper treatment for STIs and preventive action to curb the spread of the infections are vital community health measures for reproductive wellness.

    Infertility

    • Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after unprotected sexual intercourse for two years, affects many couples around the world.
    • Causes of infertility can be diverse, including physical, congenital, diseases, drugs, immunological, and even psychological issues; these need careful assessment for appropriate treatment.
    • Medical assistance is available using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Test-tube baby (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) are used; availability and accessibility may vary regionally.
    • Increased use of medical intervention highlights the importance of accessible and affordable technological solutions to address infertility.
    • Awareness and support of reproductive health are crucial to address societal infertility challenges and support those facing these issues.
    • Continued research on new methods and improvements on existing ones remains important; the use of new technologies like Saheli showcases improvements.

    Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

    • Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), also known as induced abortion, is the intentional termination of a pregnancy before full term.
    • MTPs are conducted in various countries based on legal, ethical, and societal considerations and are often performed in the first trimester (first 12 weeks).
    • India legalized MTP in 1971 to help control indiscriminate and illegal abortions and reduce associated maternal risks, recognizing the ethical need to provide safe and legal options for women.
    • Legislation encompassing MTP varies across cultures and contexts, indicating the influence of societal norms and values on healthcare policy.
    • MTPs in the first trimester are often considered safe, but procedures in later trimesters carry greater risk; those at risk require appropriate medical attention and monitoring.
    • Misuse of MTP and unethical practices, such as sex-selective abortions, remain significant problems; social and cultural factors impact acceptability; preventing such misuse is crucial for ensuring ethical procedures.
    • In some cultures, social or religious beliefs shape the legal acceptance and accessibility of MTP, highlighting the importance of societal considerations and upholding legal boundaries.
    • Misuse of procedures such as amniocentesis to determine the sex of the unborn child raises serious concerns and is legally restricted in many countries, highlighting the ethical implications involved and the social significance of such laws.

    Summary

    • Reproductive health encompasses the whole well-being in all facets of reproduction, requiring attention and action on multiple fronts.
    • National programs for reproductive health are in place to tackle issues like STIs, contraception, infertility, and MTP; programs aim to proactively address the various needs in reproductive health, factoring in different aspects of society.
    • India has taken significant steps to promote education, healthcare, awareness, and the creation of family planning programs to facilitate greater access to these resources for individuals and society's benefit; wider societal implications of these strategies are significant.
    • The government continues to strive to address challenges of population growth and other issues related to reproductive health for the welfare of both individuals and society, considering the social implications involved as well as the potential for development and improvement of health care.

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    Test your knowledge on reproductive health topics and contraceptive methods with this engaging quiz. Explore key concepts related to reproductive health education, government policies, and population issues. Enhance your understanding of the importance of reproductive health for adolescents and society.

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