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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of IUDs?
What is the purpose of spermicides?
What is the most widely used spermicide?
What is the function of a diaphragm?
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What is another name for a vaginal pouch?
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What is the purpose of a male condom?
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What is a characteristic of barrier methods?
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What is the advantage of using a spermicide with a barrier method?
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What is the primary action of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in preventing pregnancy?
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Which type of oral hormonal method contains only progestin and is taken every day of the month?
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How is the contraceptive skin patch (Ortho Evra) used?
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What is the effect of progestin-only pills on ovulation?
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What is the purpose of the inactive pills in the combined pill?
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What is the duration of hormone-containing pills in Seasonale?
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What is the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on implantation?
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What is a limitation of using a cervical cap?
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What is the mechanism of the rhythm method for birth control?
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What is a characteristic of a cervical cap?
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What is a limitation of the rhythm method for birth control?
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What is typically used in conjunction with a cervical cap?
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What is the primary purpose of using a cervical cap?
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Study Notes
Contraception Methods
- IUDs (Intrauterine Devices) have long-term effectiveness comparable to tubal ligation, but some women may experience expulsion, bleeding, or discomfort.
Spermicides
- Spermicides are foams, creams, jellies, suppositories, or douches that contain sperm-killing agents, available without prescription.
- They work by making the vagina and cervix unfavorable for sperm survival and are more effective when used with a barrier method.
- Nonoxynol-9 is the most widely used spermicide, which kills sperm by disrupting their plasma membranes.
Barrier Methods
- Barrier methods use a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity and uterine tubes.
- They can also provide some protection against STDs.
- Examples of barrier methods include the male condom, vaginal pouch, diaphragm, and cervical cap.
Male Condom
- A male condom is a nonporous, latex covering placed over the penis to prevent deposition of sperm in the female reproductive tract.
Vaginal Pouch
- A vaginal pouch, also known as a female condom, is designed to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
- It consists of two flexible rings connected by a polyurethane sheath, one ring inside the sheath and the other outside the vagina.
Diaphragm
- A diaphragm is a rubber, dome-shaped structure that fits over the cervix and is used in conjunction with a spermicide.
- It can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and stops most sperm from passing into the cervix.
- It also decreases the risk of some STDs, but does not fully protect against HIV infection.
Cervical Cap
- A cervical cap resembles a diaphragm but is smaller and more rigid.
- It fits snugly over the cervix and must be fitted by a health-care professional.
- Spermicides should be used with the cervical cap.
Rhythm Method
- The rhythm method involves abstaining from sexual activity on the days when ovulation is likely to occur in each reproductive cycle.
- The effectiveness of the rhythm method for birth control is poor in many women due to the irregularity of the female reproductive cycle.
Hormonal Contraception
- Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) inhibit ovulation by suppressing the gonadotropins FSH and LH.
- COCs also block implantation in the uterus and inhibit the transport of ova and sperm in the uterine tubes.
Progestin Only Pills
- Progestin only pills thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.
- They may also block implantation in the uterus, but do not consistently inhibit ovulation.
Variations of Oral Hormonal Methods of Contraception
- Combined pill: contains both progestin and estrogens, taken once a day for three weeks to prevent pregnancy and regulate the menstrual cycle.
- Seasonale: contains both progestin and estrogens, taken once a day in 3-month cycles of 12 weeks of hormone-containing pills followed by one week of inactive pills.
- Minipill: contains progestin only and is taken every day of the month.
Contraceptive Skin Patch (Ortho Evra)
- Contains both progestin and estrogens, delivered in a skin patch placed on the skin once a week for three weeks.
- After one week, the patch is removed and a new one is placed elsewhere, with no patch used during the fourth week.
Vaginal Contraceptive Ring (Nuvaring)
- A flexible ring that contains both progestin and estrogens, inserted into the vagina and left in place for three weeks.
- It is then removed for one week, allowing menstruation to occur.
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Description
This quiz covers various methods of contraception, including IUDs and spermicides, their effectiveness, and limitations. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each method and how they work.
