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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of IUDs?
What is a characteristic of IUDs?
What is the purpose of spermicides?
What is the purpose of spermicides?
What is the most widely used spermicide?
What is the most widely used spermicide?
What is the function of a diaphragm?
What is the function of a diaphragm?
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What is another name for a vaginal pouch?
What is another name for a vaginal pouch?
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What is the purpose of a male condom?
What is the purpose of a male condom?
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What is a characteristic of barrier methods?
What is a characteristic of barrier methods?
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What is the advantage of using a spermicide with a barrier method?
What is the advantage of using a spermicide with a barrier method?
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What is the primary action of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in preventing pregnancy?
What is the primary action of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) in preventing pregnancy?
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Which type of oral hormonal method contains only progestin and is taken every day of the month?
Which type of oral hormonal method contains only progestin and is taken every day of the month?
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How is the contraceptive skin patch (Ortho Evra) used?
How is the contraceptive skin patch (Ortho Evra) used?
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What is the effect of progestin-only pills on ovulation?
What is the effect of progestin-only pills on ovulation?
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What is the purpose of the inactive pills in the combined pill?
What is the purpose of the inactive pills in the combined pill?
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What is the duration of hormone-containing pills in Seasonale?
What is the duration of hormone-containing pills in Seasonale?
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What is the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on implantation?
What is the effect of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on implantation?
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What is a limitation of using a cervical cap?
What is a limitation of using a cervical cap?
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What is the mechanism of the rhythm method for birth control?
What is the mechanism of the rhythm method for birth control?
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What is a characteristic of a cervical cap?
What is a characteristic of a cervical cap?
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What is a limitation of the rhythm method for birth control?
What is a limitation of the rhythm method for birth control?
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What is typically used in conjunction with a cervical cap?
What is typically used in conjunction with a cervical cap?
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What is the primary purpose of using a cervical cap?
What is the primary purpose of using a cervical cap?
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Study Notes
Contraception Methods
- IUDs (Intrauterine Devices) have long-term effectiveness comparable to tubal ligation, but some women may experience expulsion, bleeding, or discomfort.
Spermicides
- Spermicides are foams, creams, jellies, suppositories, or douches that contain sperm-killing agents, available without prescription.
- They work by making the vagina and cervix unfavorable for sperm survival and are more effective when used with a barrier method.
- Nonoxynol-9 is the most widely used spermicide, which kills sperm by disrupting their plasma membranes.
Barrier Methods
- Barrier methods use a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity and uterine tubes.
- They can also provide some protection against STDs.
- Examples of barrier methods include the male condom, vaginal pouch, diaphragm, and cervical cap.
Male Condom
- A male condom is a nonporous, latex covering placed over the penis to prevent deposition of sperm in the female reproductive tract.
Vaginal Pouch
- A vaginal pouch, also known as a female condom, is designed to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
- It consists of two flexible rings connected by a polyurethane sheath, one ring inside the sheath and the other outside the vagina.
Diaphragm
- A diaphragm is a rubber, dome-shaped structure that fits over the cervix and is used in conjunction with a spermicide.
- It can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and stops most sperm from passing into the cervix.
- It also decreases the risk of some STDs, but does not fully protect against HIV infection.
Cervical Cap
- A cervical cap resembles a diaphragm but is smaller and more rigid.
- It fits snugly over the cervix and must be fitted by a health-care professional.
- Spermicides should be used with the cervical cap.
Rhythm Method
- The rhythm method involves abstaining from sexual activity on the days when ovulation is likely to occur in each reproductive cycle.
- The effectiveness of the rhythm method for birth control is poor in many women due to the irregularity of the female reproductive cycle.
Hormonal Contraception
- Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs) inhibit ovulation by suppressing the gonadotropins FSH and LH.
- COCs also block implantation in the uterus and inhibit the transport of ova and sperm in the uterine tubes.
Progestin Only Pills
- Progestin only pills thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus.
- They may also block implantation in the uterus, but do not consistently inhibit ovulation.
Variations of Oral Hormonal Methods of Contraception
- Combined pill: contains both progestin and estrogens, taken once a day for three weeks to prevent pregnancy and regulate the menstrual cycle.
- Seasonale: contains both progestin and estrogens, taken once a day in 3-month cycles of 12 weeks of hormone-containing pills followed by one week of inactive pills.
- Minipill: contains progestin only and is taken every day of the month.
Contraceptive Skin Patch (Ortho Evra)
- Contains both progestin and estrogens, delivered in a skin patch placed on the skin once a week for three weeks.
- After one week, the patch is removed and a new one is placed elsewhere, with no patch used during the fourth week.
Vaginal Contraceptive Ring (Nuvaring)
- A flexible ring that contains both progestin and estrogens, inserted into the vagina and left in place for three weeks.
- It is then removed for one week, allowing menstruation to occur.
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Description
This quiz covers various methods of contraception, including IUDs and spermicides, their effectiveness, and limitations. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each method and how they work.
