Reproductive Health and Population Control

A state of complete physical, emotional, behavioral, and social well-being related to reproduction, encompassing a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and reproductive health.

A comprehensive set of programs and services aimed at achieving total reproductive health as a social goal.

The deliberate termination of a pregnancy before the full term. It is legalized in many countries with strict conditions to prevent misuse.

Infections or diseases primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse, including gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS.

The inability to conceive or produce children even after two years of unprotected sexual intercourse. It can have various causes, including physical, congenital, disease, drug, immunological, or psychological factors.

Methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancies, working on different principles to prevent sperm and egg from uniting. Examples include natural methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), oral contraceptives, injectables, implants, and surgical methods.

A statistical phenomenon of rapid population growth, usually occurring when death rates decline significantly while birth rates remain high, creating a large increase in the population.

A method of contraception based on avoiding intercourse during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle, when the chances of fertilization are highest.

A natural method of contraception based on the fact that ovulation and menstruation are often suppressed during the period of intense lactation following childbirth, making conception less likely.

Barrier methods of contraception physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg, using various devices like condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults.

Small, flexible devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They can be non-medicated, copper-releasing, or hormone-releasing.

Hormonal contraceptives taken orally in the form of pills to prevent pregnancy. They primarily work by inhibiting ovulation and changing cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry.

Hormonal contraceptives administered through injections or implants under the skin. They work similarly to oral pills but offer longer-lasting contraceptive effects.

Surgical procedures for permanent contraception that block the transport of gametes (sperm and egg), thereby preventing conception. Vasectomy for males and tubectomy for females.

A procedure that analyzes the amniotic fluid surrounding a developing fetus to test for genetic disorders like Down syndrome, hemophilia, and sickle-cell anemia.

A specific type of amniocentesis misused to determine the sex of the unborn child, which can lead to unethical practices like female foeticide.

A non-steroidal oral contraceptive for women, taken once a week, with fewer side effects and high contraceptive value. Developed by scientists at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India.

The intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term, often referred to as 'induced abortion.' It is a widely practiced procedure worldwide, but it is often debated due to emotional, ethical, religious, and social considerations.

Techniques designed to assist infertile couples in having children, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer (ET), zygote intra fallopian transfer (ZIFT), intra uterine transfer (IUT), gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT), and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

A process where an egg is fertilized with sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting. The fertilized egg (zygote) or early embryos are then transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT) or uterus (IUT) to complete development.

A technique where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg under laboratory conditions, used when sperm count is low or fertilization is difficult.

A procedure where semen collected from the husband or a donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or uterus of the female, helping when the male partner has difficulty with insemination or low sperm count.

A method of contraception where the male partner withdraws his penis from the vagina just before ejaculation, aiming to prevent sperm from entering the female reproductive tract.

Inflammation of the organs in the female pelvic region, often caused by sexually transmitted infections, which can lead to serious complications like infertility and ectopic pregnancies.

A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.

The death of a fetus before birth, occurring at various stages of pregnancy. STIs can contribute to this complication.

A common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, often causing symptoms like discharge and pain in the genital area.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, characterized by different stages with diverse symptoms. Early detection and treatment are essential for preventing serious complications.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, resulting in blisters or sores in the genital area. It can be managed but not cured.

A common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, often with mild or no symptoms in the early stages, but potential severe complications if untreated.

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), resulting in warts in the genital area. Certain types of HPVs can increase the risk of cervical cancer.