Reproductive Health and Nursing Care
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a sonohysterography?

  • To visually inspect the uterus with a hysteroscope.
  • To detect abnormalities in the uterus using saline and ultrasound. (correct)
  • To assess the patency of the fallopian tubes.
  • To perform a biopsy of the endometrial lining.

    • During which phase of the menstrual cycle can a sonohysterography be performed?

  • Only during the second half of the cycle.
  • Only during the first half of the cycle.
  • Only during the menstrual flow.
  • At any time during the menstrual cycle. (correct)

    • Why is a hysterosalpingography typically performed after menstrual flow?

  • To minimize the risk of reflux of menstrual debris into the fallopian tubes. (correct)
  • To prepare the cervix for the introduction of radiopaque material.
  • To enhance visualization of the endometrial lining.
  • To increase the accuracy of the procedure.

    • What indicates that ovulation has occurred when an endometrial biopsy is performed during the second half of the menstrual cycle?

    <p>The presence of a corkscrew shape of the endometrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a uterine endometrial biopsy typically performed in relation to the menstrual cycle?

    <p>2-3 days before the expected menstrual flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a contraindication for performing a uterine endometrial biopsy?

    <p>Suspicion of pregnancy or presence of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?

    <p>To directly visualize the inside of the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect following a uterine endometrial biopsy?

    <p>Spotting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between the terms 'infertility' and 'subfertility' as used in the provided content?

    <p>Infertility is an older term, whereas subfertility is a more currently used term indicating a reduced ability to conceive, often requiring medical assistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A couple has been trying to conceive for 10 months, engaging in coitus an average of 4x per week, what is the likelihood of conceiving within the next two months, according to the content?

    <p>They have a 15% chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate definition of 'sterility' according to the provided lesson?

    <p>The inability to conceive due to a known condition, such as the absence of a uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a couple is engaging in intercourse 4 times a week, within what timeframe would 50% of couples expect to conceive?

    <p>Within 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would be best classified as 'sterility'?

    <p>A woman who has had surgical removal of the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the material, what is the typical timeline for 85% of couples to conceive when engaging in regular coitus?

    <p>Within 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A couple has been actively trying to conceive without success for 12 months; which term BEST describes their state?

    <p>Subfertile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reproductive health, what does subfertility primarily suggest?

    <p>The potential to conceive but with more difficulty, often requiring interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum sperm count per milliliter of semen generally considered within a normal range?

    <p>33 to 46 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A couple has been trying to conceive for 1.5 years without success, after having a child 3 years ago. What type of subfertility are they most likely experiencing?

    <p>Secondary subfertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can directly increase the temperature within the testes, potentially disrupting spermatogenesis?

    <p>Varicocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is least likely to influence a disruption of sperm production?

    <p>Regular moderate exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient who had a vasectomy is experiencing an autoimmune reaction that is affecting their sperm. What is most likely the outcome of this issue?

    <p>Immobilized sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the inflammation of the testicles due to the mumps virus, possibly leading to scarring?

    <p>Mumps orchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common cause of erectile dysfunction?

    <p>High calcium intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where a male has never been able to achieve an erection or ejaculation?

    <p>Primary erectile dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to be impacted by this condition?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive amounts of which hormone is most associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common condition can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes causing tubal transport problems?

    <p>Pelvic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are IUD users at higher risk for fallopian tube infections?

    <p>IUD use allows for easier entry of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the pH of the vagina to become too acidic, hindering sperm motility?

    <p>Vaginal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a thickening of the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate?

    <p>Cervical inflammation/infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bits of endometrium growing on the external pelvic organs such as fallopian tubes is known as what disease?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of laparoscopy in subfertility management?

    <p>To correct underlying problems by visualizing and addressing issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle adjustment is recommended to increase sperm count?

    <p>Avoid prolonged hot baths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible medical intervention for addressing low sperm count?

    <p>Abstaining from coitus for 7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does assisted reproductive technology include?

    <p>Intrauterine insemination and IVF techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone therapy is commonly used for ovulation disturbances?

    <p>GnRH therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does laparoscopy play in In Vitro Fertilization?

    <p>It is used to extract oocytes from the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could negatively affect sperm motility?

    <p>Prolonged hot baths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected average time required to achieve conception with assisted reproductive methods?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering bromocriptine in fertility treatments?

    <p>To reduce prolactin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication combination is derived from postmenopausal urine and used in conjunction with hCG?

    <p>Human menopausal gonadotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated for the use of low-dose estrogen therapy?

    <p>Scant vaginal secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT), where does fertilization occur?

    <p>In the fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using progesterone vaginal suppositories during the luteal phase?

    <p>To support early pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the success rate of re-anastomosis surgery for ligated fallopian tubes?

    <p>Success rate is 70%-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for performing Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)?

    <p>Blocked fallopian tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fertilized eggs transferred in Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)?

    <p>By laparoscopic technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the Assisted Reproductive Technique that involves instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract to enhance conception?

    <p>Therapeutic Insemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique involves retrieving ova and then combining them with sperm using a laparoscopic procedure in the fallopian tubes?

    <p>Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves the retrieval of oocytes via ultrasound-guided aspiration followed by laboratory insemination?

    <p>In Vitro Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assisted reproductive technique requires laparoscopic surgery to place fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes?

    <p>Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Therapeutic Insemination in assisted reproductive techniques?

    <p>To directly introduce sperm into the reproductive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is characterized by the combination of sperm and ova immediately after retrieval in the fallopian tubes?

    <p>Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which procedure is the sperm introduced into the reproductive tract without the fertilization occurring in vitro?

    <p>Therapeutic Insemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive technology is employed to potentially enhance fertilization by directly instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract?

    <p>Therapeutic Insemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Care of Male and Female Clients with Reproduction and Sexuality

    • Learning Targets: Students will describe causes of difficulty conceiving (subfertility) in men and women, and integrate these causes into nursing practice for quality maternal and child healthcare.

    Definitions

    • Infertility: Inability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy.
    • Subfertility: Difficulty conceiving, where couples have potential to conceive but less easily; not conceiving after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
    • Primary Subfertility: No previous pregnancies.
    • Secondary Subfertility: Previous viable pregnancy, but unable to conceive now.
    • Sterility: Inability to conceive due to a known condition, e.g., absent uterus.

    Male Subfertility Factors

    • Disturbances in spermatogenesis: Problems with sperm production.
    • Obstructions in seminiferous tubules, ducts, or vessels: Blockages affecting sperm transport.
    • Qualitative and quantitative changes in seminal fluid: Issues with semen quality and quantity that prevent sperm motility.
    • Autoimmunity: The body's immune system attacking sperm.
    • Problems in ejaculation or deposition: Issues with delivering sperm.

    Female Subfertility Factors

    • Turner's Syndrome: Hormonal imbalance due to ovary issues.
    • Ovarian Tumors: Abnormal growths in the ovaries.
    • Hypothyroidism: Thyroid gland malfunction.
    • Poor Diet, Exercise and Stress: Affecting hormone levels.
    • General Ill Health: Underlying health conditions.
    • Uterine Problems: Fibroids or tumors obstructing the entrance to the uterus.
    • Tubal Problems: Issues with fallopian tubes, like scarring.
    • Cervical Problems: Issues with the cervix, like infections or stenosis.
    • Vaginal Problems: Issues with the vagina, such as pH imbalance.

    Fertility Testing

    • Semen Analysis: Analyzing semen quality and quantity.
    • Sperm Penetration Assay: Assessing sperm ability to penetrate an ovum.
    • Antisperm Antibody Testing: Checking for antibodies harming sperm.
    • Ovulation Monitoring: Tracking ovulation.
    • Ovulation Determination by Test Strip: Testing for LH surge.
    • Ferrell Testing Kit: Testing both FSH (female) and sperm motility (male) for fertility issues.

    Advanced Surgical Procedures

    • Uterine Endometrial Biopsy: Examining uterine lining.
    • Hysteroscopy: Visualizing the inside of the uterus.
    • Laparoscopy: Examining pelvic organs through a small incision.

    Fertility Management

    • Therapeutic Insemination: Sperm inserted for conception.
    • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Fertilization outside the body, then transfer to uterus.
    • Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT): Combining eggs/sperm in fallopian tubes.
    • Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT): Placement of fertilized egg in fallopian tube.

    Alternative to Childbirth

    • Adoption: Legal process for acquiring a child.
    • Surrogate Mother (s): Woman carrying a pregnancy for another person/couple.

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    Related Documents

    Care of Mother and Child at Risk (Acute and Chronic) Module 16 Student Activity Sheet PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the nursing care of male and female clients regarding reproduction and sexuality. Students will explore causes of subfertility, infertility, and the relevant nursing practices necessary for providing quality maternal and child healthcare.

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