Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a sonohysterography?
What is the primary purpose of a sonohysterography?
- To visually inspect the uterus with a hysteroscope.
- To detect abnormalities in the uterus using saline and ultrasound. (correct)
- To assess the patency of the fallopian tubes.
- To perform a biopsy of the endometrial lining.
During which phase of the menstrual cycle can a sonohysterography be performed?
During which phase of the menstrual cycle can a sonohysterography be performed?
- Only during the second half of the cycle.
- Only during the first half of the cycle.
- Only during the menstrual flow.
- At any time during the menstrual cycle. (correct)
Why is a hysterosalpingography typically performed after menstrual flow?
Why is a hysterosalpingography typically performed after menstrual flow?
- To minimize the risk of reflux of menstrual debris into the fallopian tubes. (correct)
- To prepare the cervix for the introduction of radiopaque material.
- To enhance visualization of the endometrial lining.
- To increase the accuracy of the procedure.
What indicates that ovulation has occurred when an endometrial biopsy is performed during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
What indicates that ovulation has occurred when an endometrial biopsy is performed during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
When is a uterine endometrial biopsy typically performed in relation to the menstrual cycle?
When is a uterine endometrial biopsy typically performed in relation to the menstrual cycle?
Which of the following is considered a contraindication for performing a uterine endometrial biopsy?
Which of the following is considered a contraindication for performing a uterine endometrial biopsy?
What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?
What is the purpose of a hysteroscope?
What is a common side effect following a uterine endometrial biopsy?
What is a common side effect following a uterine endometrial biopsy?
What is the key distinction between the terms 'infertility' and 'subfertility' as used in the provided content?
What is the key distinction between the terms 'infertility' and 'subfertility' as used in the provided content?
A couple has been trying to conceive for 10 months, engaging in coitus an average of 4x per week, what is the likelihood of conceiving within the next two months, according to the content?
A couple has been trying to conceive for 10 months, engaging in coitus an average of 4x per week, what is the likelihood of conceiving within the next two months, according to the content?
What is the most accurate definition of 'sterility' according to the provided lesson?
What is the most accurate definition of 'sterility' according to the provided lesson?
If a couple is engaging in intercourse 4 times a week, within what timeframe would 50% of couples expect to conceive?
If a couple is engaging in intercourse 4 times a week, within what timeframe would 50% of couples expect to conceive?
Which of the following scenarios would be best classified as 'sterility'?
Which of the following scenarios would be best classified as 'sterility'?
According to the material, what is the typical timeline for 85% of couples to conceive when engaging in regular coitus?
According to the material, what is the typical timeline for 85% of couples to conceive when engaging in regular coitus?
A couple has been actively trying to conceive without success for 12 months; which term BEST describes their state?
A couple has been actively trying to conceive without success for 12 months; which term BEST describes their state?
In the context of reproductive health, what does subfertility primarily suggest?
In the context of reproductive health, what does subfertility primarily suggest?
What is the minimum sperm count per milliliter of semen generally considered within a normal range?
What is the minimum sperm count per milliliter of semen generally considered within a normal range?
A couple has been trying to conceive for 1.5 years without success, after having a child 3 years ago. What type of subfertility are they most likely experiencing?
A couple has been trying to conceive for 1.5 years without success, after having a child 3 years ago. What type of subfertility are they most likely experiencing?
Which of the following conditions can directly increase the temperature within the testes, potentially disrupting spermatogenesis?
Which of the following conditions can directly increase the temperature within the testes, potentially disrupting spermatogenesis?
Which of the following factors is least likely to influence a disruption of sperm production?
Which of the following factors is least likely to influence a disruption of sperm production?
A patient who had a vasectomy is experiencing an autoimmune reaction that is affecting their sperm. What is most likely the outcome of this issue?
A patient who had a vasectomy is experiencing an autoimmune reaction that is affecting their sperm. What is most likely the outcome of this issue?
Which condition involves the inflammation of the testicles due to the mumps virus, possibly leading to scarring?
Which condition involves the inflammation of the testicles due to the mumps virus, possibly leading to scarring?
What is NOT a common cause of erectile dysfunction?
What is NOT a common cause of erectile dysfunction?
What is the term for the condition where a male has never been able to achieve an erection or ejaculation?
What is the term for the condition where a male has never been able to achieve an erection or ejaculation?
A patient presents with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to be impacted by this condition?
A patient presents with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to be impacted by this condition?
Excessive amounts of which hormone is most associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Excessive amounts of which hormone is most associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
What common condition can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes causing tubal transport problems?
What common condition can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes causing tubal transport problems?
Why are IUD users at higher risk for fallopian tube infections?
Why are IUD users at higher risk for fallopian tube infections?
What can cause the pH of the vagina to become too acidic, hindering sperm motility?
What can cause the pH of the vagina to become too acidic, hindering sperm motility?
What can cause a thickening of the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate?
What can cause a thickening of the cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate?
Bits of endometrium growing on the external pelvic organs such as fallopian tubes is known as what disease?
Bits of endometrium growing on the external pelvic organs such as fallopian tubes is known as what disease?
What is the primary purpose of laparoscopy in subfertility management?
What is the primary purpose of laparoscopy in subfertility management?
Which lifestyle adjustment is recommended to increase sperm count?
Which lifestyle adjustment is recommended to increase sperm count?
What is a possible medical intervention for addressing low sperm count?
What is a possible medical intervention for addressing low sperm count?
What does assisted reproductive technology include?
What does assisted reproductive technology include?
Which hormone therapy is commonly used for ovulation disturbances?
Which hormone therapy is commonly used for ovulation disturbances?
What role does laparoscopy play in In Vitro Fertilization?
What role does laparoscopy play in In Vitro Fertilization?
Which factor could negatively affect sperm motility?
Which factor could negatively affect sperm motility?
What is the expected average time required to achieve conception with assisted reproductive methods?
What is the expected average time required to achieve conception with assisted reproductive methods?
What is the purpose of administering bromocriptine in fertility treatments?
What is the purpose of administering bromocriptine in fertility treatments?
Which medication combination is derived from postmenopausal urine and used in conjunction with hCG?
Which medication combination is derived from postmenopausal urine and used in conjunction with hCG?
What condition is indicated for the use of low-dose estrogen therapy?
What condition is indicated for the use of low-dose estrogen therapy?
In Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT), where does fertilization occur?
In Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT), where does fertilization occur?
What is the primary purpose of using progesterone vaginal suppositories during the luteal phase?
What is the primary purpose of using progesterone vaginal suppositories during the luteal phase?
What factor contributes to the success rate of re-anastomosis surgery for ligated fallopian tubes?
What factor contributes to the success rate of re-anastomosis surgery for ligated fallopian tubes?
What is a contraindication for performing Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)?
What is a contraindication for performing Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)?
How are fertilized eggs transferred in Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)?
How are fertilized eggs transferred in Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)?
Which term describes the Assisted Reproductive Technique that involves instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract to enhance conception?
Which term describes the Assisted Reproductive Technique that involves instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract to enhance conception?
What technique involves retrieving ova and then combining them with sperm using a laparoscopic procedure in the fallopian tubes?
What technique involves retrieving ova and then combining them with sperm using a laparoscopic procedure in the fallopian tubes?
Which procedure involves the retrieval of oocytes via ultrasound-guided aspiration followed by laboratory insemination?
Which procedure involves the retrieval of oocytes via ultrasound-guided aspiration followed by laboratory insemination?
Which assisted reproductive technique requires laparoscopic surgery to place fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes?
Which assisted reproductive technique requires laparoscopic surgery to place fertilized eggs into the fallopian tubes?
What is the primary focus of Therapeutic Insemination in assisted reproductive techniques?
What is the primary focus of Therapeutic Insemination in assisted reproductive techniques?
Which technique is characterized by the combination of sperm and ova immediately after retrieval in the fallopian tubes?
Which technique is characterized by the combination of sperm and ova immediately after retrieval in the fallopian tubes?
In which procedure is the sperm introduced into the reproductive tract without the fertilization occurring in vitro?
In which procedure is the sperm introduced into the reproductive tract without the fertilization occurring in vitro?
Which reproductive technology is employed to potentially enhance fertilization by directly instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract?
Which reproductive technology is employed to potentially enhance fertilization by directly instilling sperm into the female reproductive tract?
Flashcards
Infertility
Infertility
The inability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy to birth.
Subfertility
Subfertility
A more common term used to describe a couple's decreased ability to conceive naturally, even though they have the potential to do so.
Sterility
Sterility
Inability to conceive due to a known medical condition, such as the absence of a uterus.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy
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Subfertility Management
Subfertility Management
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Correction of Underlying Problems
Correction of Underlying Problems
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Increasing Sperm Count and Motility
Increasing Sperm Count and Motility
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Therapeutic Insemination
Therapeutic Insemination
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Intracervical Insemination
Intracervical Insemination
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Intrauterine Insemination
Intrauterine Insemination
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
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Uterine Endometrial Biopsy
Uterine Endometrial Biopsy
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Sonohysterography
Sonohysterography
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Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography
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Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy
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Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
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Thyroid Examination
Thyroid Examination
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Pap Smear
Pap Smear
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Complete Pelvic Examination
Complete Pelvic Examination
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Primary Erectile Dysfunction
Primary Erectile Dysfunction
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Secondary Erectile Dysfunction
Secondary Erectile Dysfunction
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Endometriosis
Endometriosis
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Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
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Varicocele
Varicocele
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Anovulation
Anovulation
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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Tubal Transport Problems
Tubal Transport Problems
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Inadequate Sperm Count
Inadequate Sperm Count
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Mumps Orchitis
Mumps Orchitis
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Epididymitis
Epididymitis
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Hypospadias
Hypospadias
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Epispadias
Epispadias
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Cervical Problems
Cervical Problems
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Uterine Problems
Uterine Problems
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Vaginal Problems
Vaginal Problems
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Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
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Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
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Surrogate Embryo Transfer
Surrogate Embryo Transfer
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Human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG)
Human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG)
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Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
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Clomiphene or Pergonal
Clomiphene or Pergonal
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Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
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Conjugated estrogen (Premarin)
Conjugated estrogen (Premarin)
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Study Notes
Care of Male and Female Clients with Reproduction and Sexuality
- Learning Targets: Students will describe causes of difficulty conceiving (subfertility) in men and women, and integrate these causes into nursing practice for quality maternal and child healthcare.
Definitions
- Infertility: Inability to conceive a child or sustain a pregnancy.
- Subfertility: Difficulty conceiving, where couples have potential to conceive but less easily; not conceiving after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- Primary Subfertility: No previous pregnancies.
- Secondary Subfertility: Previous viable pregnancy, but unable to conceive now.
- Sterility: Inability to conceive due to a known condition, e.g., absent uterus.
Male Subfertility Factors
- Disturbances in spermatogenesis: Problems with sperm production.
- Obstructions in seminiferous tubules, ducts, or vessels: Blockages affecting sperm transport.
- Qualitative and quantitative changes in seminal fluid: Issues with semen quality and quantity that prevent sperm motility.
- Autoimmunity: The body's immune system attacking sperm.
- Problems in ejaculation or deposition: Issues with delivering sperm.
Female Subfertility Factors
- Turner's Syndrome: Hormonal imbalance due to ovary issues.
- Ovarian Tumors: Abnormal growths in the ovaries.
- Hypothyroidism: Thyroid gland malfunction.
- Poor Diet, Exercise and Stress: Affecting hormone levels.
- General Ill Health: Underlying health conditions.
- Uterine Problems: Fibroids or tumors obstructing the entrance to the uterus.
- Tubal Problems: Issues with fallopian tubes, like scarring.
- Cervical Problems: Issues with the cervix, like infections or stenosis.
- Vaginal Problems: Issues with the vagina, such as pH imbalance.
Fertility Testing
- Semen Analysis: Analyzing semen quality and quantity.
- Sperm Penetration Assay: Assessing sperm ability to penetrate an ovum.
- Antisperm Antibody Testing: Checking for antibodies harming sperm.
- Ovulation Monitoring: Tracking ovulation.
- Ovulation Determination by Test Strip: Testing for LH surge.
- Ferrell Testing Kit: Testing both FSH (female) and sperm motility (male) for fertility issues.
Advanced Surgical Procedures
- Uterine Endometrial Biopsy: Examining uterine lining.
- Hysteroscopy: Visualizing the inside of the uterus.
- Laparoscopy: Examining pelvic organs through a small incision.
Fertility Management
- Therapeutic Insemination: Sperm inserted for conception.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Fertilization outside the body, then transfer to uterus.
- Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT): Combining eggs/sperm in fallopian tubes.
- Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT): Placement of fertilized egg in fallopian tube.
Alternative to Childbirth
- Adoption: Legal process for acquiring a child.
- Surrogate Mother (s): Woman carrying a pregnancy for another person/couple.
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