Reproductive Health and Cultural Impact

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the 'conception Uniare' and the 'conception Mulinaire' ?

The Conception Uniare is when a couple decides on one child, while the Conception Mulinaire is when a couple decides on multiple children.

What is the 'catch' for anthropological research on 'PMA', according to the text?

The catch of anthropological research on PMA is the age of a family and how it aligns with the PMA procedure, as it can often cause issues.

In India, the 'PMA' procedure is considered acceptable by many religious groups.

True (A)

What is the primary benefit of the 'PMA' procedure that the companies promoting it highlight?

<p>The primary benefit of the <em>'PMA'</em> procedure according to these companies is that it gives the possibility of having a child that can work longer, and have a better working career before the age of retirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some of the main arguments against 'PMA' are its expense and the possibility of genetic mutations.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the 'PMA' procedure considered more popular and ethically accepted in the modern era, compared to the era prior to the 90s, in Islamic cultures?

<p>The <em>'PMA'</em> procedure is considered more popular in the modern era, due to the increased acceptance of modern medical technology and knowledge about genetics, within Islamic cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'PMA' procedure affect the model of parenthood?

<p>The <em>'PMA'</em> procedure modifies the traditional family model by allowing for a family to be formed even if the individuals involved are not biologically linked. This can include instances of a child being born to a surrogate mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the 'PMA' procedure seen as a solution to a lack of manpower in certain countries?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The *'PMA' procedure is always seen as a solution to an individual's personal problems related to reproduction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical considerations to keep in mind with regards to the 'PMA' procedure, when considering its ethical implications?

<p>The ethical considerations related to the <em>'PMA'</em> procedure usually involve a deep consideration of: the moral beliefs of the individuals involved (both parents and the surrogate mother), the rights of the child to know its genetic origins, and the potential for this procedure to be seen as a form of exploitation of the surrogate mother.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

PMA (Parentage Médical Assisté)

A method of modifying parental diagrams, including the use of gametes and potential ethical issues.

Anthropology of Medicine

The study of how different cultures and societies understand and experience health and illness.

Ethnomedicine

The branch of anthropology that focuses on health systems and practices in different cultures.

Evolutionary Medicine

The application of evolutionary biology to understand the origins and causes of diseases.

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Biocultural Approach

A perspective that recognizes the interconnectedness of biological, cultural, and environmental factors in health and disease.

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Maladaptation

A concept in evolutionary medicine that explains why some traits, while beneficial in one environment, become detrimental in another.

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Traditional Medicine

Traditional healing systems based on the principles of a particular culture, like Ayurveda or Traditional Chinese Medicine.

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Historical Medical Anthropology

The study of the history of medicine and healthcare practices across different cultures.

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Biomedicalisation

The process by which medical interventions increasingly dominate the understanding and management of health.

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Demericalisation

A shift away from medical dominance towards a greater emphasis on social and cultural factors in health.

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Surmedicalisation

The increasing tendency to medicalize normal life events and experiences, sometimes leading to over-diagnosis.

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International Humanitarian Aid and Development

The field of international aid, often associated with providing assistance during crises or emergencies.

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Gamete Donation

The practice of donating gametes, including sperm and eggs, for the purpose of assisted reproduction.

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Individual Autonomy

The right of individuals to make autonomous choices about their reproductive health and decisions.

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Prenatal Screening

The practice of taking a sample of the fetus or amniotic fluid to test for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities.

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Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing

The process of evaluating an individual's genetic makeup through tests that are directly available to consumers without a doctor's order.

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Precision Medicine

The use of a person's genetic information to tailor their medical treatments and therapies.

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Consent and Medical Science

The ethical principles surrounding responsible and ethical research involving human participants.

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Ethnographic Approach

A type of research that aims to explore the cultural context and social factors surrounding health and healthcare practices.

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Person-Centered Approach

A medical approach where treatment plans are individually tailored based on the patient's specific needs.

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

A complex molecule that carries the genetic instructions for a cell's function.

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Genetic Research

The study of genes and their influence on health and disease.

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Genetic Screening

A medical approach that uses genetic information to predict and prevent diseases.

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Monogenic Disease

A disease caused by a mutation in a single gene.

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Polygenic Disease

A disease caused by mutations or variations in multiple genes.

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Embryo Freezing

The process of freezing embryos for future use in assisted reproduction.

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Genetic Modification

The use of a person's genetic information to predict and prevent a range of illnesses and conditions.

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Factors Influencing Mental Health

A range of factors, including social, cultural, and economic factors, that can influence someone's mental health.

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Medicalization

The process of increasing the prevalence of medical diagnoses and interventions.

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Funeral Arrangements

The process of preparing the deceased and their body for burial or cremation.

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Organ Donation

The practice of donating organs after death for transplantation.

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Death Rituals

The various cultural beliefs and practices surrounding death and the afterlife.

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Study Notes

PMA and Parent Configuration

  • PMA multiplies the models of parent schema
  • When a couple confronts the death of a child, the way they deal with the grief can be influenced by the specific culture/ethical standards that they live in

Reproductive Tourism

  • Reproductive tourism is when people travel to another country to receive reproductive healthcare that is unavailable in their home country, for example, to have a child
  • This can be due to the fact that a country has rules/laws different from the country of origin
  • Cost often plays a factor
  • Can be seen as a 'controversial' medical topic

Age of Fertility

  • The age of a woman's fertility impacts her ability to have children and the decision making around her family life
  • If a woman is not of child-bearing age, having children through the help of assisted reproductive technologies may be a consideration

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