Reproductive Endocrinology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the process of childbirth involve?

  • Only preparation for childbirth
  • Only recovery from childbirth
  • Preparation for childbirth, the act of childbirth, and recovery from childbirth (correct)
  • Only the act of childbirth

    • What increases in the fetus due to the increase in circulating estrogens?

  • CRH secretion (correct)
  • ACTH secretion
  • Insulin secretion
  • Adrenaline secretion

    • What is the effect of prolactin hormone on the body?

  • It stimulates uterine contractions
  • It stimulates the respiratory system
  • It stimulates milk ejection
  • It stimulates milk production and anovulation (correct)

    • What is the function of oxytocin in lactation?

    <p>Milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to women who breastfeed regularly?

    <p>They experience amenorrhea for 25–30 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of prolactin secretion?

    <p>Breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the final maturation of the reproductive system during puberty?

    <p>Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the development of breast tissue during puberty in females?

    <p>Thelarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first menstrual period in females?

    <p>Menarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of menstrual blood is of venous origin?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of a normal menstrual period?

    <p>3-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the growth spurt that occurs during puberty in males?

    <p>Growth spurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can cause delayed menarche?

    <p>Heavy exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical amount of menstrual blood during a menstrual cycle?

    <p>30-80 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the growth of breast alveoli during pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

    <p>To maintain the function of the corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on the mother's insulin receptors?

    <p>It decreases insulin receptor sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

    <p>To relax the pelvic ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a baby is born?

    <p>Parturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How early can human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) be detected in the urine?

    <p>10 days after gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of progesterone on oxytocin receptors?

    <p>It decreases the number and sensitivity of oxytocin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Menstrual Cycle

    • Length: 21-37 days
    • Amount: 30-80 ml
    • Menstrual blood does not coagulate

    Endocrine Functions of the Placenta

    • Estrogen:
      • Growth of uterus and breast
      • Relaxation of pelvic ligaments (facilitates labor)
    • Progesterone:
      • Growth of breast alveoli
      • Inhibits LH secretion (inhibits ovulation)
      • Decreases the number and sensitivity of oxytocin receptors
    • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG):
      • Growth of corpus luteum
      • Maintains estrogen and progesterone secretion
      • Detected in urine as early as 10 days after gestation (99% accuracy)
    • Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS):
      • Provides glucose to the fetus
      • Decreases insulin receptor sensitivity
      • Increases fatty acid release from fat stores
    • Relaxin:
      • Relaxes pelvic ligaments during pregnancy
      • Inhibits uterine contraction

    Parturition

    • Definition: The process by which a baby is born
    • Mechanism:
      • Increase in circulating estrogens
      • CRH secretion
      • Production of prostaglandins
      • Uterine contractions
      • Increase in cortisol

    Lactation

    • Prolactin hormone:
      • Stimulates milk production
      • Inhibits ovulation
    • Oxytocin:
      • Stimulates milk ejection
    • Effect on menstrual cycles:
      • Women who do not breastfeed: First menstrual period 6 weeks after delivery
      • Women who breastfeed regularly: Amenorrhea for 25-30 weeks

    Puberty

    • Definition: Activation of gonads by gonadotropins (FSH, LH) for final maturation of reproductive system
    • Characteristics:
      • Thelarche (breast development)
      • Pubarche (axillary and pubic hair development)
      • Menarche (first menstrual period)
      • Growth spurt

    Causes of Onset of Puberty

    • Genetic factors
    • State of nutrition
    • Fat deposition

    Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)

    • Symptoms:
      • Irritability
      • Bloating
      • Edema
      • Decreased ability to concentrate
      • Depression
      • Headache
      • Constipation
    • Causes: Salt and water retention
    • Treatment: Antidepressants (fluoxetine) and benzodiazepines (alprazolam)

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the endocrine functions of the placenta, including estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones, as well as menstrual cycle and reproductive health.

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