Reproductive Endocrinology Quiz

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the process of childbirth involve?

Only preparation for childbirth

Only recovery from childbirth

Preparation for childbirth, the act of childbirth, and recovery from childbirth (correct)

Only the act of childbirth

What increases in the fetus due to the increase in circulating estrogens?

CRH secretion (correct)

ACTH secretion

Insulin secretion

Adrenaline secretion

What is the effect of prolactin hormone on the body?

It stimulates uterine contractions

It stimulates the respiratory system

It stimulates milk ejection

It stimulates milk production and anovulation (correct)

What is the function of oxytocin in lactation?

Milk ejection Signup and view all the answers

What happens to women who breastfeed regularly?

They experience amenorrhea for 25–30 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the production of prolactin secretion?

Breastfeeding Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the final maturation of the reproductive system during puberty?

Gonadotropins (FSH, LH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of breast tissue during puberty in females?

Thelarche Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first menstrual period in females?

Menarche Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

Irritability Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of menstrual blood is of venous origin?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of a normal menstrual period?

3-7 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the growth spurt that occurs during puberty in males?

Growth spurt Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can cause delayed menarche?

Heavy exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical amount of menstrual blood during a menstrual cycle?

30-80 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the growth of breast alveoli during pregnancy?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

To maintain the function of the corpus luteum Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on the mother's insulin receptors?

It decreases insulin receptor sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

To relax the pelvic ligaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a baby is born?

Parturition Signup and view all the answers

How early can human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) be detected in the urine?

10 days after gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of progesterone on oxytocin receptors?

It decreases the number and sensitivity of oxytocin receptors Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Menstrual Cycle

Length: 21-37 days
Amount: 30-80 ml
Menstrual blood does not coagulate

Endocrine Functions of the Placenta

Estrogen:
- Growth of uterus and breast
- Relaxation of pelvic ligaments (facilitates labor)
Progesterone:
- Growth of breast alveoli
- Inhibits LH secretion (inhibits ovulation)
- Decreases the number and sensitivity of oxytocin receptors
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG):
- Growth of corpus luteum
- Maintains estrogen and progesterone secretion
- Detected in urine as early as 10 days after gestation (99% accuracy)
Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS):
- Provides glucose to the fetus
- Decreases insulin receptor sensitivity
- Increases fatty acid release from fat stores
Relaxin:
- Relaxes pelvic ligaments during pregnancy
- Inhibits uterine contraction

Parturition

Definition: The process by which a baby is born
Mechanism:
- Increase in circulating estrogens
- CRH secretion
- Production of prostaglandins
- Uterine contractions
- Increase in cortisol

Lactation

Prolactin hormone:
- Stimulates milk production
- Inhibits ovulation
Oxytocin:
- Stimulates milk ejection
Effect on menstrual cycles:
- Women who do not breastfeed: First menstrual period 6 weeks after delivery
- Women who breastfeed regularly: Amenorrhea for 25-30 weeks

Puberty

Definition: Activation of gonads by gonadotropins (FSH, LH) for final maturation of reproductive system
Characteristics:
- Thelarche (breast development)
- Pubarche (axillary and pubic hair development)
- Menarche (first menstrual period)
- Growth spurt

Causes of Onset of Puberty

Genetic factors
State of nutrition
Fat deposition

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Symptoms:
- Irritability
- Bloating
- Edema
- Decreased ability to concentrate
- Depression
- Headache
- Constipation
Causes: Salt and water retention
Treatment: Antidepressants (fluoxetine) and benzodiazepines (alprazolam)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the endocrine functions of the placenta, including estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones, as well as menstrual cycle and reproductive health.