Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the process of childbirth involve?
What does the process of childbirth involve?
- Only preparation for childbirth
- Only recovery from childbirth
- Preparation for childbirth, the act of childbirth, and recovery from childbirth (correct)
- Only the act of childbirth
What increases in the fetus due to the increase in circulating estrogens?
What increases in the fetus due to the increase in circulating estrogens?
- CRH secretion (correct)
- ACTH secretion
- Insulin secretion
- Adrenaline secretion
What is the effect of prolactin hormone on the body?
What is the effect of prolactin hormone on the body?
- It stimulates uterine contractions
- It stimulates the respiratory system
- It stimulates milk ejection
- It stimulates milk production and anovulation (correct)
What is the function of oxytocin in lactation?
What is the function of oxytocin in lactation?
What happens to women who breastfeed regularly?
What happens to women who breastfeed regularly?
What stimulates the production of prolactin secretion?
What stimulates the production of prolactin secretion?
What stimulates the final maturation of the reproductive system during puberty?
What stimulates the final maturation of the reproductive system during puberty?
What is the term for the development of breast tissue during puberty in females?
What is the term for the development of breast tissue during puberty in females?
What is the term for the first menstrual period in females?
What is the term for the first menstrual period in females?
What is a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
What is a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
What percentage of menstrual blood is of venous origin?
What percentage of menstrual blood is of venous origin?
What is the typical duration of a normal menstrual period?
What is the typical duration of a normal menstrual period?
What is the term for the growth spurt that occurs during puberty in males?
What is the term for the growth spurt that occurs during puberty in males?
What is a factor that can cause delayed menarche?
What is a factor that can cause delayed menarche?
What is the typical amount of menstrual blood during a menstrual cycle?
What is the typical amount of menstrual blood during a menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of breast alveoli during pregnancy?
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of breast alveoli during pregnancy?
What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?
What is the primary function of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?
What is the effect of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on the mother's insulin receptors?
What is the effect of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on the mother's insulin receptors?
What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?
What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?
What is the process by which a baby is born?
What is the process by which a baby is born?
How early can human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) be detected in the urine?
How early can human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) be detected in the urine?
What is the effect of progesterone on oxytocin receptors?
What is the effect of progesterone on oxytocin receptors?
Study Notes
Menstrual Cycle
- Length: 21-37 days
- Amount: 30-80 ml
- Menstrual blood does not coagulate
Endocrine Functions of the Placenta
- Estrogen:
- Growth of uterus and breast
- Relaxation of pelvic ligaments (facilitates labor)
- Progesterone:
- Growth of breast alveoli
- Inhibits LH secretion (inhibits ovulation)
- Decreases the number and sensitivity of oxytocin receptors
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG):
- Growth of corpus luteum
- Maintains estrogen and progesterone secretion
- Detected in urine as early as 10 days after gestation (99% accuracy)
- Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS):
- Provides glucose to the fetus
- Decreases insulin receptor sensitivity
- Increases fatty acid release from fat stores
- Relaxin:
- Relaxes pelvic ligaments during pregnancy
- Inhibits uterine contraction
Parturition
- Definition: The process by which a baby is born
- Mechanism:
- Increase in circulating estrogens
- CRH secretion
- Production of prostaglandins
- Uterine contractions
- Increase in cortisol
Lactation
- Prolactin hormone:
- Stimulates milk production
- Inhibits ovulation
- Oxytocin:
- Stimulates milk ejection
- Effect on menstrual cycles:
- Women who do not breastfeed: First menstrual period 6 weeks after delivery
- Women who breastfeed regularly: Amenorrhea for 25-30 weeks
Puberty
- Definition: Activation of gonads by gonadotropins (FSH, LH) for final maturation of reproductive system
- Characteristics:
- Thelarche (breast development)
- Pubarche (axillary and pubic hair development)
- Menarche (first menstrual period)
- Growth spurt
Causes of Onset of Puberty
- Genetic factors
- State of nutrition
- Fat deposition
Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Symptoms:
- Irritability
- Bloating
- Edema
- Decreased ability to concentrate
- Depression
- Headache
- Constipation
- Causes: Salt and water retention
- Treatment: Antidepressants (fluoxetine) and benzodiazepines (alprazolam)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the endocrine functions of the placenta, including estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones, as well as menstrual cycle and reproductive health.
