Reproductive Development and Hormones
59 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism by which LH stimulates progesterone secretion in the corpus luteum?

  • Inhibition of protein synthesis and subsequent activation of adenylyl cyclase
  • Activation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent protein synthesis (correct)
  • Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent reduction of protein synthesis
  • Stimulation of phosphodiesterase and subsequent reduction of cAMP

    • What is the effect of progesterone on the myometrial cells?

  • Increases their excitability and sensitivity to oxytocin
  • Increases their membrane potential and spontaneous electrical activity
  • Decreases their excitability and sensitivity to oxytocin (correct)
  • Has no effect on their excitability and sensitivity to oxytocin

    • What is the effect of progesterone on estrogen receptors in the endometrium?

  • Decreases their number and activity (correct)
  • Increases their number and activity
  • Increases their number but decreases their activity
  • Has no effect on their number and activity

    • What is the role of progesterone in the breast during lactation?

    <p>Induces differentiation of estrogen-prepared ductal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of large doses of progesterone on LH secretion?

    <p>Inhibits LH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological effect of progesterone in terms of body temperature?

    <p>Increases basal body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the initiation of lactation after delivery in women?

    <p>Abrupt decline in circulating estrogens and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do women who do not wish to breastfeed their babies receive estrogen administration?

    <p>To stop lactation and milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of estrogen on milk production in women?

    <p>It antagonizes the milk-producing effect of prolactin on the breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for milk ejection and oxytocin release in women?

    <p>Suckling and reflex stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of colostrum compared to milk?

    <p>It contains the same concentration of protein and lactose but no fat as in milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for milk secretion to surge after delivery in women?

    <p>Within 1-3 days after delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the reproductive system of men and women?

    <p>Women's reproductive systems show regular cyclic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of a menstrual cycle in women?

    <p>28 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the periodic vaginal bleeding that occurs with the shedding of the uterine mucosa?

    <p>Menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of male sexual behavior and pattern of gonadotropin secretion in some species?

    <p>The action of male hormones on the brain in early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the antrum in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>To fill with follicular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary in reproductive development?

    <p>To activate the gonads during adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the decline in the function of the testes with advancing age?

    <p>Andropause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hormones secreted by the gonads during adolescence?

    <p>The appearance of features typical of the adult male or female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of ovarian function in human females?

    <p>It regresses after a number of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cyclic changes in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To prepare for pregnancy and fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dual function of the gonads in both sexes?

    <p>The production of germ cells and the secretion of sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of androgen secretion in the ovaries compared to the testes?

    <p>The ovaries secrete small amounts of androgens, while the testes secrete large amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does menopause typically occur?

    <p>Between 45 and 55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of menopausal women experience hot flushes?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hot flushes in menopausal women?

    <p>Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is prevented by estrogen treatment in menopausal women?

    <p>Hot flushes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates both the release of LH and the episode of flushing in menopausal women?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate age range during which menopause typically occurs?

    <p>45-55 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in episodic bursts at intervals of 30-60 minutes or more during menopause?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of menopausal women who experience hot flushes?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the event that initiates both the release of LH and the episode of flushing in menopausal women?

    <p>Some estrogen-sensitive event in the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age at which menopause typically occurs?

    <p>52 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration for which hot flushes may continue intermittently in menopausal women?

    <p>40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the reduction in membrane potential of the ovum after fertilization?

    <p>To prevent polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural change that occurs in the zona pellucida after fertilization?

    <p>It undergoes a change that provides long-term protection against polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for the blastocyst to reach the uterus after fertilization?

    <p>3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multi-nucleate mass that surrounds the blastocyst after it reaches the uterus?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual site of implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus?

    <p>Dorsal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What develops from the trophoblast after implantation?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

    <p>To secrete estrogens, progesterone, and relaxin, and maintain pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone secreted by the placenta takes over the function of the corpus luteum after the sixth week of pregnancy?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

    <p>A glycoprotein containing galactose and hexosamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of progesterone on the uterus during pregnancy?

    <p>It inhibits myometrial contractions and prevents prostaglandin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the function of the corpus luteum begin to decline during pregnancy?

    <p>After 8 weeks of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion during pregnancy?

    <p>It decreases after an initial marked rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of LH receptors in theca interna cells?

    <p>To convert cholesterol to androstenedione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of granulosa cells in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>To convert androstenedione to estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of circulating estradiol is free?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of estradiol, estrone, and estriol in the liver?

    <p>They are converted to glucuronide and sulfate conjugates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of enterohepatic circulation in the metabolism of estradiol?

    <p>It recycles estradiol metabolites back into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in granulosa cells?

    <p>To increase the secretion of estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of amenorrhea in women who breastfeed regularly?

    <p>25-30 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolactin on GnRH secretion?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women become pregnant again during the suckling period?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of anovulatory cycles in the first 6 months after resumption of menses?

    <p>almost 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gonads in both sexes?

    <p>Dual function of production of germ cells and secretion of sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between males and females that depends primarily on a single chromosome?

    <p>The presence of a Y chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser