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Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on sperm cells?
What is the primary effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on sperm cells?
- Inhibits milk production during pregnancy
- Triggers ovulation in female birds
- Increases division of primordial sperm cells and release more sperm cells (correct)
- Increases testosterone production
What hormone inhibits contraction of the uterus and supports a healthy pregnancy?
What hormone inhibits contraction of the uterus and supports a healthy pregnancy?
- Estrogen
- Progesterone (correct)
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Oxytocin
What is the effect of prostaglandins on a mature corpus luteum?
What is the effect of prostaglandins on a mature corpus luteum?
- Terminates a mature corpus luteum (correct)
- Triggers ovulation in female birds
- Increases division of primordial sperm cells
- Inhibits milk production during pregnancy
What is the primary function of oxytocin in a lactating animal?
What is the primary function of oxytocin in a lactating animal?
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What type of ovulators are cats, rabbits, and ferrets?
What type of ovulators are cats, rabbits, and ferrets?
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Why is it important to keep sperm at 37°C?
Why is it important to keep sperm at 37°C?
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Study Notes
Microscopic Characteristics of Sperm
- Sperm motility decreases quickly, making it the first characteristic to evaluate
- Sperm must be kept at 37°C to prevent cold shock, which affects motility
Hormones and Their Functions
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): secreted by the brain, initiates the estrous cycle
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): • Stimulates division of primordial sperm cells and release of more sperm cells in males • Triggers ovule formation and maturation in females
- Luteinizing hormone (LH): • Released from the anterior pituitary, stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells • Triggers ovulation in female birds by stimulating the Graafian follicle
- Prostaglandins: • Luteolytic, terminating a mature corpus luteum, leading to estrus or pregnancy termination • Can be used to lyse a corpus luteum (e.g., Fluprostenol or Lutalyse A, prostaglandin F2 alpha)
- Progesterone: • Inhibits uterine contractions, supporting healthy pregnancy • Inhibits milk production during pregnancy • Inhibits WBC response to bacteria in the endometrium, promoting endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra
- Estrogen: dilates and relaxes the cervix before labor
- Oxytocin: • Promotes milk letdown in lactating animals • Promotes uterine contractions
Induced Ovulators
- Examples of induced ovulators: cats, rabbits, ferrets, mink, and South American camelids (llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, guanacos)
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