Reproductive Biology Basics

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What is the total number of chromosomes in a sperm cell and an oocyte?

23

23 and 23 (correct)

45

46

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles in the scrotum?

To regulate testicular temperature (correct)

To secrete hormones

To aid in ejaculation

To produce sperm

What is the main function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

To absorb nutrients

To control sperm production and maintain the blood-testes barrier (correct)

To develop into sperm

To produce hormones

What is the purpose of the tunica albuginea?

To separate each testis into lobules Signup and view all the answers

How many cell types are present in the seminiferous tubules?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the testes to be at a cooler temperature?

To optimize sperm production Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one or both testes failing to descend into the scrotum prior to birth?

Cryptorchidism Signup and view all the answers

How many days does it take for a sperm cell to mature and move through the epididymis?

12 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitochondria in the middle piece of the sperm cell?

To provide energy for the flagellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of semen that is made up of sperm?

5% Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released during fetal development to differentiate the male sexual reproductive organs?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of sperm cell development?

Spermatogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the prostate gland in semen production?

To add a fluid that coagulates the semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the removal of the foreskin through surgery?

Circumcision Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the female gonads that produce oocytes?

Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nitric oxide in the male reproductive system?

To relax muscles and allow blood to flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the natural microorganisms in the vagina?

To protect from pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of an ovarian cycle?

28 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the death of multiple follicles during the ovarian cycle?

Atresia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the LH surge in the ovarian cycle?

To trigger ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the uterine tubes or fallopian tubes?

To facilitate the movement of the oocyte to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?

To produce progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the superficial layer of the uterus?

It is the layer that is released in the menses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

To prepare the uterus for implantation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the release of an oocyte from the ovary?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the high levels of glucose in the fluid during the secretory phase?

To support the growth of the embryo Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the endometrium if pregnancy does not occur within 10-12 days?

It will be shed Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of breast size in milk production?

Breast size does not correlate to the amount of milk produced Signup and view all the answers

How does hormonal birth control work?

By supplying a constant amount of estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental sex in humans?

Female Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the onset of puberty in females?

Increase in hormone production by the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of puberty in males?

Hair growth and deepening of the voice Signup and view all the answers