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Questions and Answers
What characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers aids them in sticking to insects?
What characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers aids them in sticking to insects?
Wind-pollinated flowers have anthers that hang inside the flower.
Wind-pollinated flowers have anthers that hang inside the flower.
False
Describe the pollen grain characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers.
Describe the pollen grain characteristics of wind-pollinated flowers.
Small and lightweight pollen grains that can be carried by the wind.
The stigma of wind-pollinated flowers is often __________ to catch pollen easily.
The stigma of wind-pollinated flowers is often __________ to catch pollen easily.
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Match the type of flower to its characteristics:
Match the type of flower to its characteristics:
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Which structure in sperm allows it to swim towards the egg?
Which structure in sperm allows it to swim towards the egg?
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Gametes have no adaptive features for successful reproduction.
Gametes have no adaptive features for successful reproduction.
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What is the primary function of enzymes in the head region of a sperm cell?
What is the primary function of enzymes in the head region of a sperm cell?
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The cytoplasm of the egg cell contains a store of __________ for energy.
The cytoplasm of the egg cell contains a store of __________ for energy.
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Match the following gametes with their adaptive features:
Match the following gametes with their adaptive features:
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What hormone is responsible for maturing an egg in the ovary?
What hormone is responsible for maturing an egg in the ovary?
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Oestrogen levels drop significantly just before ovulation occurs.
Oestrogen levels drop significantly just before ovulation occurs.
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Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation?
Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation?
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During the menstrual cycle, oestrogen levels peak just before day ______.
During the menstrual cycle, oestrogen levels peak just before day ______.
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Match the hormone with its role in the menstrual cycle:
Match the hormone with its role in the menstrual cycle:
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What is one advantage of sexual reproduction in crop plants?
What is one advantage of sexual reproduction in crop plants?
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The male gametes of plants are found in ovules.
The male gametes of plants are found in ovules.
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What is the process called when pollen is transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part?
What is the process called when pollen is transferred from the male part of a flower to the female part?
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The female gametes of plants are found in the ______.
The female gametes of plants are found in the ______.
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Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen?
Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen?
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Match the following parts of the insect pollinated flower with their functions:
Match the following parts of the insect pollinated flower with their functions:
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Insect pollinated flowers are adapted to facilitate easy collection and transfer of pollen by insects.
Insect pollinated flowers are adapted to facilitate easy collection and transfer of pollen by insects.
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Name one disadvantage of sexual reproduction in plants.
Name one disadvantage of sexual reproduction in plants.
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What change occurs in the jelly-like coating of the egg after fertilisation?
What change occurs in the jelly-like coating of the egg after fertilisation?
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Sperm is produced in very small numbers compared to eggs.
Sperm is produced in very small numbers compared to eggs.
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What is the duration of the human gestation period?
What is the duration of the human gestation period?
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The embryo gets nutrients from the mother through the __________ lining during the first 12 weeks.
The embryo gets nutrients from the mother through the __________ lining during the first 12 weeks.
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Match the following features with sperm and egg:
Match the following features with sperm and egg:
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What happens to the zygote in the oviduct after fertilisation?
What happens to the zygote in the oviduct after fertilisation?
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The fetus is surrounded by a protective amniotic sac during development.
The fetus is surrounded by a protective amniotic sac during development.
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What is formed in the uterus after the implantation of the embryo?
What is formed in the uterus after the implantation of the embryo?
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What is one way HIV can be transmitted?
What is one way HIV can be transmitted?
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HIV can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
HIV can only be transmitted through sexual contact.
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What is the main consequence of HIV infecting lymphocytes?
What is the main consequence of HIV infecting lymphocytes?
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HIV primarily targets certain types of __________ in the immune system.
HIV primarily targets certain types of __________ in the immune system.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What type of symptoms do people experience immediately after HIV infection?
What type of symptoms do people experience immediately after HIV infection?
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HIV can avoid being recognized by the immune system through altering its protein coat.
HIV can avoid being recognized by the immune system through altering its protein coat.
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What is the disease that develops as a result of prolonged HIV infection?
What is the disease that develops as a result of prolonged HIV infection?
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Study Notes
Reproduction in Plants & Humans
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Asexual Reproduction: Does not involve sex cells or fertilization. Only one parent is needed. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and each other (clones). Binary fission in bacteria is an example of asexual reproduction. Bulbs, tubers, and runners are examples of asexual reproduction in plants.
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Sexual Reproduction: Involves the fusion of two gametes (sex cells) to make a zygote, producing genetically different offspring. Fertilization is the fusion of gamete nuclei. Gametes in plants include pollen nuclei and ovules; in animals, sperm and ovum.
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Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Flowers are reproductive organs. Insect-pollinated flowers have brightly colored petals, scents, and nectar to attract insects for pollination. Wind-pollinated flowers have small, lightweight pollen and feathery stigmas to catch pollen. Pollination is pollen transfer from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma). Fertilization happens when a pollen nucleus fuses with an ovum nucleus.
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Sexual Reproduction in Humans: The male reproductive system includes the testes (sperm production), prostate gland (semen production), sperm ducts, and urethra. The female system includes ovaries (ova production), oviducts, uterus, and vagina. Gametes in humans are sperm cells and egg cells. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, where the sperm cell (male gamete) and egg cell meet.
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Sexual Hormones in Humans: Hormones like oestrogen and testosterone cause secondary sexual characteristics to develop during puberty. Oestrogen affects females, leading to breast development, body hair growth, the beginning of the menstrual cycle, and wider hips. Testosterone affects males, leading to penis and testicles growth, facial hair, muscle growth, deeper voice, and sperm production.
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Factors Affecting Seed Germination: Three main factors are required for seed germination: water, oxygen, and warmth. Water allows the seed to swell; Oxygen is vital for energy release, and warmth increases the metabolic rate of the seed.
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Self- vs. Cross-Pollination: Self-pollination is when pollen from one flower is placed on its own stigma. Cross-pollination is pollen from one flower placed on the stigma of another flower of the same species. Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity compared to self-pollination.
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Pollen Tube Formation: After pollination, a pollen tube grows from the pollen grain to reach the ovary in a flower. Nuclei from the pollen travel down the tube, fusing with the female gamete nucleus in the ovule, resulting in fertilization.
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The Placenta and Umbilical Cord: The placenta connects the fetus to the mother's blood supply for nutrient exchange and waste removal. The umbilical cord facilitates this nutrient supply.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS: STIs are passed through the exchange of body fluids such as unprotected sexual intercourse. HIV affects the immune system. HIV attacks certain immune cells (lymphocytes) reducing the body's ability to fight infection. Methods to curb the spread of STIs include limiting the number of sexual partners, using condoms, and getting tested.
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Description
This quiz explores the different methods of reproduction in plants and humans, including asexual and sexual reproduction. Learn about the processes and structures involved in both plant and animal reproductive systems. Test your understanding of key concepts such as gametes, fertilization, and pollination.
