Reproduction in Plants & Humans

False (B)

Small and lightweight pollen grains that can be carried by the wind.

<p>feathery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insect-pollinated flowers = Large, heavier pollen grains with spikes or hooks Wind-pollinated flowers = Small, lightweight pollen grains Pollination method = Attracts insects for pollen transfer Pollen characteristics = Easily carried by air currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagellum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To digest a route into the egg for fertilisation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sperm = Contains enzymes in the head region Egg = Cytoplasm contains a store of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinising hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH = Stimulates egg maturation and oestrogen release LH = Triggers ovulation and stimulates progesterone production Oestrogen = Thickens the uterine wall Progesterone = Maintains the uterine lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases variations leading to genetic variants better suited for changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anther (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sepals = Protect the flower bud Petals = Attract pollinators Stamens = Produce male gametes Carpel = Houses female gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offspring may be less successful than the parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms a barrier preventing more sperm from entering. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motility = Capable of locomotion Size = Very small (45 µm) Structure = Round cell with few structural adaptations Numbers = Thousands of immature eggs in each ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It travels towards the uterus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unprotected sexual intercourse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV = Virus that leads to AIDS STI = Infection transmitted through sexual activity Lyphocytes = Cells involved in the immune response AIDS = Condition resulting from severe HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild flu-like symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of merging male and female gametes (sex cells) to create a new organism.

The transfer of pollen from the male part (anther) of a flower to the female part (stigma) of a flower.

These are the reproductive organs of plants, responsible for producing seeds through pollination and fertilization.

These are the male gametes of plants. Each pollen grain contains a male gamete core.

These are the female gametes of plants. They are housed within the ovule.

This type of flower is adapted to be pollinated by insects. They have bright colors, strong scents, and nectar to attract insects.

This is the male part of the flower. It consists of the filament and the anther.

This is the female part of the flower. It consists of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Pollen grains that are large and have spikes or hooks on the outside are better suited for insect pollination.

Pollen grains that are small, lightweight, and smooth are well adapted for wind pollination.

The male part of a flower that produces pollen

The female part of a flower that receives pollen

Insects are attracted to bright colors, sweet scents, and nectar in flowers.

The process in which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, typically occurring in the oviduct.

Specialized cells responsible for sexual reproduction, containing half the genetic material of the parent organism.

The female gamete, typically large and immobile, containing nutrients for the developing zygote.

The male gamete, typically small and motile, responsible for delivering genetic material to the egg.

Features that help gametes survive and perform successfully in their environment to ensure fertilization.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the maturation of an egg in the ovary and the release of estrogen.

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation. It also stimulates the ovary to produce progesterone.

A hormone produced by the ovaries. It causes the uterine lining to thicken and the egg to mature.

A hormone produced by the ovaries after ovulation. It helps maintain the thickened uterine lining and prepares it for pregnancy.

The process where a mature egg is released from the ovary.

The jelly-like layer surrounding an egg cell that changes after fertilization to prevent more sperm from entering.

A ball of cells formed after repeated divisions of a zygote. It implants in the uterus lining.

The process where the embryo embeds itself in the uterine lining.

The time period from fertilization to birth, about 9 months for humans.

A specialized organ that forms during pregnancy, connecting the fetus to the mother's circulatory system.

A fluid-filled sac that cushions and protects the developing fetus in the womb.

The fluid inside the amniotic sac, derived from mother's blood plasma, that protects the developing fetus.

Infections that are spread through sexual contact, typically involving the exchange of bodily fluids like semen, vaginal fluids, or blood.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition that develops in the later stages of HIV infection. It severely compromises the immune system, leaving the body highly vulnerable to opportunistic infections.

HIV can be spread through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles with an infected person, blood transfusions with infected blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

HIV primarily infects a specific type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte, which is crucial for fighting infections.

HIV can evade the immune system by constantly changing its protein coat, making it difficult for lymphocytes to recognize and destroy it.

HIV replicates inside infected lymphocytes, using the cells' machinery to make copies of itself. This process depletes the number of lymphocytes, weakening the immune system.

The gradual depletion of lymphocytes and antibodies due to HIV infection weakens the body's ability to fight off infections, eventually leading to AIDS.