Reproduction in Plants

Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo
• Asexual reproduction occurs without the fusion of gametes

Flowering Plants

• Insect-pollinated flowers have structures adapted for attraction, such as colorful petals, nectar, and fragrance
• Wind-pollinated flowers have structures adapted for wind pollination, such as large amounts of pollen and sticky stigma
• Pollen tube growth followed by fertilization leads to seed and fruit formation
• Seed germination requires specific conditions, which can be investigated practically
• Germinating seeds utilize food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis
• Asexual reproduction in plants can occur naturally through runners and artificially through cuttings

Humans

• The male reproductive system is adapted for sperm production and transportation
• The female reproductive system is adapted for egg production, fertilization, and embryo development
• Oestrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle
• FSH and LH hormones regulate the menstrual cycle
• The placenta provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo
• Amniotic fluid protects the developing embryo
• Oestrogen and testosterone regulate the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Test your understanding of sexual and asexual reproduction, fertilization, and the structures of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers.