Reproduction and Development of Plants and Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is formed when the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse during fertilization?

  • Gamete
  • Spermatozoon
  • Zygote (correct)
  • Embryo

Which of the following types of fertilization occurs inside the female body?

  • Asexual Reproduction
  • Spawning
  • External Fertilization
  • Internal Fertilization (correct)

Which method of internal fertilization involves the offspring receiving nourishment from the mother directly?

  • Oviparity
  • Viviparity (correct)
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Ovoviviparity

What is the role of the stigma in the reproductive process of a flower?

<p>It captures pollen for fertilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which reproductive process do aquatic animals typically bring together their gametes?

<p>Spawning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower?

<p>Self pollination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the production of eggs?

<p>Oogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a pollinator?

<p>Petals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ovary in human reproduction?

<p>It produces egg cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction in animals?

<p>Ovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a zygote attaches to the uterine lining?

<p>Implantation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of asexual reproduction does the parent body break into pieces?

<p>Fragmentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the filaments in the flower's male reproductive organ?

<p>To support the anther (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pollination occurs when pollen is transferred between flowers of different plants?

<p>Cross pollination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes ovoviviparity in internal fertilization?

<p>Eggs hatch within the mother and are laid just before being hatched (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the embryo typically stay in the uterus during development?

<p>9 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What essential role does the ovary serve in the flower's reproductive system?

<p>Contains the female sex cells (ovules) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fertilization occurs inside the female body?

<p>Internal Fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of external fertilization?

<p>It requires a larger number of eggs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of sexual reproduction in animals?

<p>It requires the fusion of male and female gametes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower is responsible for making tiny grains of pollen?

<p>Stamen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In flowering plants, what structures are involved in sexual reproduction?

<p>Stamens and pistils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of external fertilization for aquatic organisms?

<p>It reduces the physical burden on the mother. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stamen contains pollen in flowering plants?

<p>Anther (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fragmentation in multicellular organisms?

<p>A form of asexual reproduction involving the splitting of an organism into fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes binary fission?

<p>A process where a parent cell equally splits into two daughter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines parthenogenesis?

<p>Development of an embryo from a non-fertilized egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of spore formation, what are sporangia?

<p>Tiny reproductive structures that disperse spores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of vegetative reproduction?

<p>Only one parent plant is involved in producing genetically identical offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about regeneration is correct?

<p>It refers to an organism's ability to regrow certain body parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do spores produce in non-flowering plants?

<p>New plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does vegetative propagation rely on?

<p>Parts of the parent plant, like stems or leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reproduction in organisms?

<p>To produce offspring and continue the species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes asexual reproduction?

<p>Results in offspring that are exact copies of the parent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of sexual reproduction?

<p>Creates genetic diversity among offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the male reproductive system is responsible for producing sperm cells?

<p>Testis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the female reproductive system?

<p>Receive sperm from the male (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the seminal vesicle in the male reproductive system?

<p>Secretes fluids that nourish sperm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about asexual and sexual reproduction is true?

<p>Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'development' refer to in the context of organisms?

<p>Changes in size, shape, and function during an organism's life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is reproduction?

The process by which living things produce offspring of their own kind.

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving a single parent, creating offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

What is sexual reproduction?

Reproduction involving two parents, combining genetic material from both parents.

What is development?

The gradual changes in size, shape, and function that an organism undergoes throughout its life.

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What are testes?

The male reproductive organ that produces sperm cells.

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What is the scrotum?

A pouch that holds the testes, responsible for regulating their temperature.

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What is the penis?

The male organ responsible for transferring sperm into the female reproductive system.

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What is the vas deferens?

A tube that transports sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is released.

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Pollination

The process of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.

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Pollen grain

A tiny grain produced by the anther of a flower containing male sex cells.

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Sepals

The outermost parts of a flower that protect the bud before it opens. Usually green.

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Petals

The colorful, often fragrant parts of a flower that attract pollinators.

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Stamen

The male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

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Stigma

The top part of the carpel that has a sticky surface to trap pollen.

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Self-pollination

The process where a plant's own pollen fertilizes its own ovules.

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Cross-pollination

The process where pollen is transferred from one plant to another by wind or animals.

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Fertilization

The process where a sperm cell and egg cell fuse, creating a fertilized egg called a zygote.

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Zygote Journey

The journey of the fertilized egg (zygote) takes about 6-7 days, during which it attaches itself to the uterine lining (endometrium) of the uterus.

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Implantation

The fertilized egg (zygote) becomes implanted in the uterine lining, also called the endometrium.

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Embryo Development

The developing zygote is now known as an embryo. It stays in the uterus for 9 months to develop until it is ready for birth.

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What is fertilization?

The fusion of haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) to form a diploid zygote.

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Internal Fertilization

Fertilization that occurs inside the female's body.

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External Fertilization

Fertilization that occurs outside the female's body.

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Fragmentation

A type of asexual reproduction where a parent organism splits into fragments, each capable of developing into a complete, identical individual.

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Regeneration

A form of asexual reproduction where an organism regrows lost body parts.

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Binary Fission

A type of asexual reproduction where a single parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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Parthenogenesis

A type of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete organism without fertilization.

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Spore Formation

A form of asexual reproduction where spores are produced by a parent organism, each capable of developing into a new individual.

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Vegetative Reproduction

A type of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals are formed from parts of the parent plant, without seeds or spores.

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Propagation

The process of breeding or making offspring in plants or animals.

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Vegetative Propagation

A process of making new plants from parts of the parent plant, such as stems, leaves, or roots.

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Oviparity

A type of internal fertilization where fertilized eggs are laid outside the mother's body and receive nourishment from the yolk.

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Ovoviviparity

A type of internal fertilization where fertilized eggs are retained inside the mother's body, nourished by the yolk, and hatched shortly before birth.

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Viviparity

A type of internal fertilization where offspring are born directly from the mother's body, receiving nourishment from her.

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Budding

A form of asexual reproduction where a new individual arises from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.

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Study Notes

Reproduction and Development of Plants and Animals

  • Reproduction is the biological process of creating new organisms
  • It's crucial for the continuation of a species
  • Reproduction methods vary among organisms, including asexual and sexual reproduction
  • Development is the process of progressive changes in an organism's size, shape, and function throughout its life cycle
  • During development, genetic potentials are translated into mature systems

What is Reproduction?

  • Animals reproduce offspring to continue the species
  • Living things reproduce young ones of their own kind
  • It's the biological process making new organisms

Types of Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

  • Production of a new organism from a single parent
  • Offspring are exact copies of the parent
  • Does not involve sex cells

Sexual Reproduction

  • New organism forms from two parents
  • Involves sex cells (gametes) from both parents
  • Leads to genetic variation in offspring

Asexual Reproduction in Animals

  • Budding: New individuals split off from an existing organism
  • Fragmentation: An organism splits into fragments, each creating a new organism
  • Fission: A parent cell divides into two equal halves, becoming two new organisms
  • Spore formation: Parent plant creates thousands of tiny spores, each growing into new plants

Sexual Reproduction in Animals

  • The fusion of male and female gametes to form a new organism
  • Sperm and eggs unite, forming a zygote, the first cell of a new organism

Fertilization

  • Fertilization (also called conception) is the union of an egg and sperm cell.
  • A diploid zygote is created
  • It occurs internally or externally
  • Internal Fertilization: Fusion of gametes inside the female body. Male gametes are typically introduced into the female's body by a penis.
  • External Fertilization: Gametes fuse outside the female's body
  • It typically occurs in aquatic environments

Types of Internal Fertilization

  • Oviparity: Fertilized eggs are laid outside the mother's body
  • Ovoviviparity: Fertilized eggs are kept inside the mother's body
  • Viviparity: Offspring are born live

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Plants reproduce sexually through pollination
  • Flowers contain male (stamen) and female (pistil) sex organs
  • The anther contains pollen (male gametes)
  • Pollen must reach the stigma (female part)
  • Pollen transfer methods include wind, water, insects, and animals
  • Self-pollination: Pollen from the same flower fertilizes its ovules
  • Cross-pollination: Pollen from one flower fertilizes another flower

Pollination

  • The transfer of pollen from the stamen to the stigma
  • This is crucial for the fertilization and seed production in flowering plants

Parts of a Flower

  • Sepals: Outermost green protective parts of a flower
  • Petals: Inside the sepals, usually colorful, attract pollinators
  • Stamens: Male reproductive parts
  • Anther: pollen production
  • Filament: Holds up the anther
  • Pistils: Female reproductive parts
  • Carpel: inner part of the flower
    • Stigma: sticky surface to trap pollen
    • Style: connects the stigma and ovary
    • Ovary: contains ovules (female gametes)

Modified Stems in Vegetative Propagation

  • Runners: Horizontal stems that grow along the soil surface with new plants growing from the nodes
  • Rhizomes: Horizontal stems that grow underground and produce new roots and shoots
  • Tubers: Thickened underground stems that store food and from which new plants are produced
  • Bulbs: Underground stems with short stems and fleshy modified leaves that store food
  • Corms: Underground stems similar to bulbs, but the storage structure is the stem

Asexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Plants use vegetative parts (stems, roots, and leaves) to create a new plant
  • This results in genetically identical offspring
  • Methods include natural and artificial methods of vegetative propagation, such as runners, rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs
  • Methods can also be used artificially like taking cuttings to create new plants

Gametogenesis

  • The formation of gametes (sperm and eggs)
  • Oogenesis: Egg formation
  • Spermatogenesis: Sperm formation

Development

  • The process of changes in size, shape, function, and characteristics of an organism starting from a single cell
  • Refers to the physiological and functional maturation, taking successive forms throughout the life cycle
  • Includes fertilized egg to embryo stage to fetal stage until birth

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Human Reproduction PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating processes of reproduction and development in both plants and animals. This quiz covers the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as the stages of development in living organisms. Test your knowledge on how species continue through these biological processes.

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