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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of direct speech?
What is a key characteristic of direct speech?
- It always includes a question mark.
- It does not require a reporting verb.
- It uses quotation marks to enclose the speaker's words. (correct)
- It is always written in past tense.
Which of the following changes occurs in reported speech?
Which of the following changes occurs in reported speech?
- No changes are made to adverbials of time and place.
- Pronouns are often adjusted to fit the context. (correct)
- The reporting verb is usually removed.
- Punctuation marks are retained exactly as in direct speech.
How does the verb tense typically change when converting direct speech to reported speech?
How does the verb tense typically change when converting direct speech to reported speech?
- Tenses are only altered if the reporting verb is in present tense.
- The tenses generally change backward in time. (correct)
- The tenses shift forward in time.
- The tenses are maintained as they were in direct speech.
What should be done regarding adverbials of time when converting to indirect speech?
What should be done regarding adverbials of time when converting to indirect speech?
Which of the following is an appropriate reporting verb when conveying a command?
Which of the following is an appropriate reporting verb when conveying a command?
When converting 'She said, 'I am learning' to indirect speech, what is the correct form?
When converting 'She said, 'I am learning' to indirect speech, what is the correct form?
Which of the following statements about punctuation in reported speech is accurate?
Which of the following statements about punctuation in reported speech is accurate?
Which pair correctly matches a direct speech example with its indirect equivalent?
Which pair correctly matches a direct speech example with its indirect equivalent?
Flashcards
Reported Speech
Reported Speech
Reporting someone's words without using their exact words; also known as indirect speech.
Direct Speech
Direct Speech
Using the exact words spoken by a speaker, enclosed in quotation marks.
Reporting Verb
Reporting Verb
A verb that introduces reported speech (e.g., said, told, asked).
Tense Changes (Reported Speech)
Tense Changes (Reported Speech)
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Pronoun Changes
Pronoun Changes
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Time and Place Adverbials
Time and Place Adverbials
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Command/Request Conversions
Command/Request Conversions
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Punctuation in Reported Speech
Punctuation in Reported Speech
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Study Notes
Reported Speech - Direct and Indirect
- Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone said without using their exact words. It involves changing the words and tenses of the original statement.
Rules Of Direct Speech
- Direct speech uses the exact words spoken by the speaker.
- It's enclosed in quotation marks ("...").
- The speaker's words are introduced by a reporting verb (e.g., said, told, asked).
Punctuation In Reported Speech
- In indirect speech, the quotation marks are removed.
- The tenses of the verbs in the reported statement often change.
- The pronouns (e.g., I, you, he) are adjusted to reflect the situation of the reported speech.
- Punctuation like question marks or exclamation points are adapted as necessary.
Converting To Indirect Speech
- To change from direct to indirect speech, several crucial aspects need modification:
- Identify the reporting verb and the statement.
- Appropriate tense changes are essential.
- Pronouns may need to be adjusted.
- Adverbials of time and place can be altered.
Changes In Tense
- The tense of the verb in the reported speech often changes to reflect the time of the reporting.
- If the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., said, asked), the tense of the verb in the reported speech is usually adjusted backward in time. Example: Direct speech ("I go to the park") changes to indirect speech ("He said that he went to the park").
- Past simple changes to past perfect
- Past continuous changes to past perfect continuous
- Present simple changes to past simple
- Present continuous changes to past continuous
- Present perfect changes to past perfect
- Present Perfect Continuous changes to Past Perfect Continuous
Speech Verbs
- Choose the appropriate reporting verb based on the original speaker’s intention (e.g., requested, exclaimed, commanded).
- Common reporting verbs include: said, told, asked, inquired, exclaimed, whispered, shouted, etc.
- Using the appropriate reporting verb is important for conveying the nuance of the original statement.
- For commands or requests, the verb form changes accordingly, often using a specific modal verb (e.g., order, request).
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