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Questions and Answers
What formatting is required for the first-level heading in a report?
What formatting is required for the first-level heading in a report?
Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of a formal or long report?
Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of a formal or long report?
What is the correct way to format a third-level heading?
What is the correct way to format a third-level heading?
How should the text begin after a second-level heading?
How should the text begin after a second-level heading?
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What numbering system should be used for pages preceding the body of the report?
What numbering system should be used for pages preceding the body of the report?
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Which statement is true regarding informal or short reports?
Which statement is true regarding informal or short reports?
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What is one key difference between the note-bibliographical system and the parenthetical reference system?
What is one key difference between the note-bibliographical system and the parenthetical reference system?
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What feature is primarily used for organizing topics in a formal report?
What feature is primarily used for organizing topics in a formal report?
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What is primarily included in the 'Introduction' section of a research report?
What is primarily included in the 'Introduction' section of a research report?
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Which section of a research report outlines the essential inquiries leading to the writing of the report?
Which section of a research report outlines the essential inquiries leading to the writing of the report?
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What does the 'Review of Literature' section contain?
What does the 'Review of Literature' section contain?
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What is the main purpose of the 'Theory, Methods, Procedures' section?
What is the main purpose of the 'Theory, Methods, Procedures' section?
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What type of information is typically found in the 'Results, Findings, and Data' section?
What type of information is typically found in the 'Results, Findings, and Data' section?
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Which section provides conclusions based on the research findings?
Which section provides conclusions based on the research findings?
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What is included in the 'Bibliography' section of a research report?
What is included in the 'Bibliography' section of a research report?
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Which part of a research report defines the limits and scope of the study?
Which part of a research report defines the limits and scope of the study?
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What is the primary function of an Article Report?
What is the primary function of an Article Report?
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Which part of a Laboratory Report outlines the objectives and importance of the experiment?
Which part of a Laboratory Report outlines the objectives and importance of the experiment?
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What type of report is written daily, weekly, or monthly to note information of interest to an organization?
What type of report is written daily, weekly, or monthly to note information of interest to an organization?
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Which component of a Laboratory Report presents the step-by-step methods of an experiment?
Which component of a Laboratory Report presents the step-by-step methods of an experiment?
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What does an Annual Report primarily include?
What does an Annual Report primarily include?
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Which part of the Laboratory Report is likely to contain tables and figures?
Which part of the Laboratory Report is likely to contain tables and figures?
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What does the Appendices section of a Laboratory Report typically contain?
What does the Appendices section of a Laboratory Report typically contain?
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What is a Preliminary Report primarily concerned with?
What is a Preliminary Report primarily concerned with?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in a research report?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a research report?
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What is the primary purpose of a field report?
What is the primary purpose of a field report?
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Which component is essential for a recommendation report?
Which component is essential for a recommendation report?
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When writing a field report, what key aspect should be avoided?
When writing a field report, what key aspect should be avoided?
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The typical contents of a recommendation report do NOT include which of the following?
The typical contents of a recommendation report do NOT include which of the following?
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In a research report, which section provides a concise summary of the entire report?
In a research report, which section provides a concise summary of the entire report?
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What does the 'Purpose, Objectives, and Scope' section in a research report entail?
What does the 'Purpose, Objectives, and Scope' section in a research report entail?
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Which of the following best describes the role of the 'Review of Literature' section?
Which of the following best describes the role of the 'Review of Literature' section?
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What is the main recommendation to reduce glare from overhead lighting?
What is the main recommendation to reduce glare from overhead lighting?
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How often should the surfaces of the screens be washed according to the recommendations?
How often should the surfaces of the screens be washed according to the recommendations?
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What position should the top of the screen be in relation to the operator's eyes?
What position should the top of the screen be in relation to the operator's eyes?
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What adjustment is recommended for the placement of keyboards?
What adjustment is recommended for the placement of keyboards?
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What method is suggested to block direct sunlight from the south and west windows?
What method is suggested to block direct sunlight from the south and west windows?
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What type of chairs is recommended to replace fixed chairs in the workstations?
What type of chairs is recommended to replace fixed chairs in the workstations?
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What has been ruled out as a cause of headaches and eye problems related to workstation conditions?
What has been ruled out as a cause of headaches and eye problems related to workstation conditions?
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What is noted about the research findings regarding low-level radiation from computer screens?
What is noted about the research findings regarding low-level radiation from computer screens?
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What was the author's initial concern regarding the tutor's comments?
What was the author's initial concern regarding the tutor's comments?
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How did the author feel about their performance in tutorials?
How did the author feel about their performance in tutorials?
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What action did the author take to improve their confidence in tutorials?
What action did the author take to improve their confidence in tutorials?
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What outcome did the author experience as a result of the conversation with the tutor?
What outcome did the author experience as a result of the conversation with the tutor?
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What goal did the author set for themselves during the final weeks of the semester?
What goal did the author set for themselves during the final weeks of the semester?
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What did the author realize about their previous behavior in tutorials?
What did the author realize about their previous behavior in tutorials?
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What emotion primarily characterized the author's feelings regarding their interaction with the tutor?
What emotion primarily characterized the author's feelings regarding their interaction with the tutor?
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What was the significance of the incident with the tutor for the author?
What was the significance of the incident with the tutor for the author?
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Study Notes
Report Writing - Nature and Characteristics
- Reports are categorized by subject focus (technical, scientific, etc.)
- Report success depends on how well the writer develops the subject.
- Reports are categorized by formality (formal or informal).
- Tone and format determine if a report is formal or informal.
Formal Report
- Follows a prescribed format with elaborate layout and binding.
- Depth, complexity, and style are distinguishing features.
- Aims to analyze and interpret current/past conditions to propose future action.
Informal Report
- Typically brief (two or more pages).
- Employs ordinary letter or memorandum format.
- Uses conversational style and personal information.
Mechanics of a Written Report
Margins
- Margins frame the report, making it attractive.
- Typically one inch on all sides, and one and a half inches on top.
Spacing
- Reports can be single-spaced or double-spaced.
- The trend is towards single-spacing.
- Double-spaced paragraphs are indented half an inch.
- Indenting the first word is optional.
Topic Headings
- Help readers follow the report's organization.
- Allow quick referencing to sections.
- Informative headings: introduce section content (e.g., Income for first quarter).
- Structural headings: point out functional sections (e.g., Summary of findings).
Types of Topic Headings
- First Level: Centered, may be in uppercase and bold.
- Second Level: Left margin, first letter of important words capitalized.
- Third Level: One-half inch from left margin and underlined, first letter of important words capitalized
Documentation
- Documentation in business reports is less frequent.
- The two most common systems for formal reports are note-bibliographical and parenthetical.
Paging
- Reports of one or two pages do not need consecutive numbering.
- Preliminary pages use small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii).
- Title page is page 1, unnumbered.
- Body pages are consecutively numbered with Arabic numerals.
Kinds of Reports According to Format
Formal Report (Long Report)
- Includes complete parts or details (introduction, body, conclusion, recommendations).
- Uses formal language (third person).
- Uses topic headings for organization, comprehension, and locating specific topics.
Informal Report (Short Report)
- Lacks the detailed structure of a formal report.
- Introduction and presentation of findings in table form.
Kinds of Reports According to Purpose
Article Report
- Aims to inform the masses on general interest topics.
- Similar to magazine articles.
Laboratory Report
- Comprehensive, communicates lab observations and results to management (How did we do it?).
- Includes abstract, introduction, procedures, results and discussion, and conclusions
Information Report
- Aims to inform, based on the title.
- Periodic reports: employee or subordinate reports to superiors, daily, weekly, monthly.
- Annual reports: annual listing of activities, projects, financial information.
Preliminary Report
- Investigates a proposed project, including costs, designs, elements.
Progress Report
- Records activity history from start until present.
Final Report
- Summarizes the completion of a project, outlining the plan execution.
Research Report
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Generates data in a laboratory or field.
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Presents data and conclusions, along with details on the methodology applied.
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Includes introduction, problem, purpose/scope, literature review, materials/facility, theoretical framework, methods & procedures, results, findings & data interpretation, discussion, conclusions, recommendations, and bibliography.
Field Report
- Aims to improve student understanding of theory through observation of real-world situations.
- Involves systematically observing and recording details while analyzing for meaning in a theoretical framework.
Recommendation Report
- Addresses questions needing a decision.
- Includes options, choices, and reasons.
Incidental Report
- Describes incidents with details, feelings, context, demands, and consequences.
Accomplishment Report
- Documents activities and achievements to monitor the progress and success of plans.
- Often uses tables/charts with columns: number, action, initiator, responsible person, remarks.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential elements of report writing, covering both formal and informal reports. It emphasizes the characteristics that distinguish these reports, as well as the mechanics of writing, such as margins and spacing. Understanding these components is crucial for effective report creation.
