Renin–Angiotensin System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main physiological impact of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone on the kidney?

  • Increase water reabsorption (correct)
  • Decrease potassium secretion
  • Increase urea concentration
  • Increase sodium excretion
  • Which hormone controls aldosterone secretion and sodium balance by its effect on renal blood flow?

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  • Insulin
  • Plasma volume (correct)
  • Natriuretic peptides
  • What stimulates thirst center to increase intake in response to a rise in extracellular osmolality?

  • Stimulation of renin–angiotensin system
  • Increase in aldosterone levels
  • Rise in extracellular osmolality (correct)
  • Decrease in ADH secretion
  • How does a rise in extracellular osmolality affect water loss and intake?

    <p>Reduces water loss and increases intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system experiences a very large increase in activity to stimulate thirst in response to a rise in extracellular osmolality?

    <p>Renin–angiotensin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In normal subjects, what is the main factor affecting ADH secretion?

    <p>Osmotic factors related to sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for splitting off a decapeptide from a circulating 2-globulin to form angiotensin I?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) predominantly located?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is the target of ACE inhibitors used to treat hypertension and congestive cardiac failure?

    <p>ACE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological action does angiotensin II have that contributes to maintaining blood pressure?

    <p>Causes vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular complex secretes renin in response to a reduction in renal artery blood flow?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does angiotensin II have on the thirst center in the brain?

    <p>Stimulates the thirst center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of angiotensin II in response to poor renal blood flow?

    <p>Stimulates aldosterone release for sodium and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aldosterone affect the reabsorption of Na+ in the distal renal tubules?

    <p>Increases Na+ reabsorption in exchange for K+ or H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for aldosterone secretion?

    <p>Reduction in renal blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of natriuretic peptides in response to high sodium levels?

    <p>Increase sodium excretion by inhibiting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of ACE inhibitors in the context of the renin-angiotensin system?

    <p>Inhibit the production of angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ANP oppose sodium retention and arterial pressure elevation?

    <p>By causing arteriolar and venous dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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