Renal Tubules and Interstitium Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common cause of acute tubular injury?

  • Ischaemia (correct)
  • Viral infection
  • Bacterial infection
  • Fungal infection
  • Which factor contributes to reduced glomerular filtration rate in acute tubular injury?

  • Increased epithelial cell regeneration
  • Enhanced blood flow
  • Decreased inflammation
  • Detachment of injured cells from the basement membrane (correct)
  • What morphological changes are characteristic of tubular epithelial injury in acute tubular injury?

  • Increase in interstitial oedema
  • Decreased vacuolations in epithelial cells
  • Enhanced filtration membrane integrity
  • Formation of tubular casts (correct)
  • Which region of the nephron is most prominently affected by nephrotoxic acute tubular injury?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the presence of vacuolations in tubular epithelial cells due to solute concentration?

    <p>Osmotic stress nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature seen in morphology indicating acute tubular injury?

    <p><code>Presence of nuclei in necrotic tubular cells</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury?

    <p>Muddy brown granular cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves inflammation of the interstitium surrounding the nephrons?

    <p>Tubulointerstitial nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred term for tubular damage that may not involve necrosis?

    <p>Acute tubular injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tubulointerstitial nephritis diagnosed?

    <p>Renal biopsy showing oedema and inflammatory infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for tubulointerstitial nephritis?

    <p>Removal of the causative agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cast type is commonly associated with acute tubular injury/necrosis?

    <p>Epithelial cast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the structure labelled 2 in the context provided?

    <p>It leads to an abnormal ascent of the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would you consider performing renal angiography in a hypertensive patient?

    <p>Increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 times baseline within 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is classified as 'Failure' based on the RIFLE criteria for assessing renal injury severity?

    <p>GFR reduced by 50% for 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are urinary casts as described in the text?

    <p>Cylindrical structures produced by the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could lead to an abnormal ascent of the kidneys?

    <p>Inferior mesenteric artery positioning over the isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would not warrant consideration for renal angiography in hypertensive patients?

    <p>Bruit sounds on renal auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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