18 Questions
What is the primary purpose of tubular reabsorption in the kidneys?
To prevent the loss of important constituents such as water, sodium, and glucose from the body
What is the result of moderate impairment of renal function on the kidney's reserve capacity?
Reduced reserve capacity for reabsorbing water and excreting H⁺ and other ions
Which of the following is NOT a type of test used to investigate tubular function?
Creatinine clearance test
What is the normal range of urine osmolality in mmol/kg?
50-1250 mmol/kg
What is the result of impaired reabsorption of amino acids in the renal tubules?
Aminoaciduria
Which of the following is a specific disorder that affects the renal tubules' ability to concentrate urine?
Diabetes insipidus
What is the primary factor that determines urine osmolality?
Osmotic work done by the kidney
What is the primary cause of polyuria in proximal tubular dysfunction?
Impaired solute reabsorption from the proximal tubules
What is the characteristic urine pH in distal tubular dysfunction?
Alkaline
What is the term for the condition characterized by glycosuria, phosphaturia, and nonselective amino aciduria?
Fanconi’s syndrome
What is the primary difference between proximal and distal tubular dysfunction?
The site of dysfunction in the nephron
What is the most common cause of glycosuria in the urine?
Diabetes
What is the primary cause of glycosuria in the presence of a normal plasma glucose?
Reduced renal threshold due to proximal tubular malfunction
What is the primary mechanism of overflow amino aciduria?
Increased plasma concentrations of amino acids
What is the characteristic feature of renal amino aciduria?
Defective tubular reabsorption of amino acids
What is the underlying defect in Fanconi syndrome?
Defective tubular reabsorption of glucose and amino acids
What is the acid-base disturbance associated with Fanconi syndrome?
Proximal renal tubular acidosis
What is the primary reason for urinary losses of phosphate in Fanconi syndrome?
Defective tubular reabsorption of phosphate
This quiz covers the objectives of renal tubular function, its types, and the role of renal tubular function tests in diagnosing renal tubular damage. It also explains the importance of tubular reabsorption in maintaining essential constituents in the body.
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