Renal Tubular Function and Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of tubular reabsorption in the kidneys?

  • To prevent the loss of important constituents such as water, sodium, and glucose from the body (correct)
  • To regulate blood pressure
  • To produce hormones that regulate electrolyte balance
  • To filter out waste products from the blood

    • What is the result of moderate impairment of renal function on the kidney's reserve capacity?

  • Reduced reserve capacity for reabsorbing water and excreting H⁺ and other ions (correct)
  • Complete loss of reserve capacity
  • Increased reserve capacity for reabsorbing water and excreting H⁺ and other ions
  • No change in the reserve capacity

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of test used to investigate tubular function?

  • Creatinine clearance test (correct)
  • Urine concentration and Dilution test
  • Specific proteinuria
  • Urine acidification test

    • What is the normal range of urine osmolality in mmol/kg?

    <p>50-1250 mmol/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of impaired reabsorption of amino acids in the renal tubules?

    <p>Aminoaciduria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a specific disorder that affects the renal tubules' ability to concentrate urine?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines urine osmolality?

    <p>Osmotic work done by the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of polyuria in proximal tubular dysfunction?

    <p>Impaired solute reabsorption from the proximal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic urine pH in distal tubular dysfunction?

    <p>Alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by glycosuria, phosphaturia, and nonselective amino aciduria?

    <p>Fanconi’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between proximal and distal tubular dysfunction?

    <p>The site of dysfunction in the nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of glycosuria in the urine?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of glycosuria in the presence of a normal plasma glucose?

    <p>Reduced renal threshold due to proximal tubular malfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of overflow amino aciduria?

    <p>Increased plasma concentrations of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of renal amino aciduria?

    <p>Defective tubular reabsorption of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying defect in Fanconi syndrome?

    <p>Defective tubular reabsorption of glucose and amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acid-base disturbance associated with Fanconi syndrome?

    <p>Proximal renal tubular acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for urinary losses of phosphate in Fanconi syndrome?

    <p>Defective tubular reabsorption of phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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