Renal Tubular Epithelium Injury: Light Microscopy

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Which of the following is a characteristic of reversible injury due to ischemia in renal tubular epithelium?

Ruptured cytoplasmic membranes

Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia

Swelling and eosinophilia (correct)

Karyolysis

Which nuclear change is associated with irreversible injury (necrosis) in renal tubular epithelium?

Intact plasma membranes

Karyorrhexis (correct)

Both A and B

Distinct nuclear euchromatin and heterochromatin

In terms of reversible injury due to ischemia, what is a common feature observed in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelium?

Swelling and eosinophilia (correct)

Ruptured plasma membranes

Nuclear shrinkage

Karyolysis

What is the primary ultrastructural change observed in proximal tubular cells during reversible ischemic injury?

Loss of microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of irreversible ischemic injury in renal tubular epithelium?

Swollen mitochondria with dense deposits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of reversible fatty change (steatosis) in the liver?

A and C Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histological feature of reversible hydropic change in the skin?

Clear spaces within epidermal keratinocytes Signup and view all the answers

Steatosis is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of sugar in the liver cells.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of the enzymes responsible for the digestion of necrotic cells?

Both autolysis and heterolysis contribute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic morphological change observed in necrotic cells?

Rapid onset of changes within minutes of cell injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inflammatory reaction that often accompanies necrosis?

To eliminate the dead cells and initiate the repair process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about myelin figures is correct?

They are large, whorled phospholipid masses from damaged cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the glassy, homogeneous appearance of necrotic cells?

Loss of glycogen particles in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism behind the formation of chalky-white deposits in fat necrosis?

The released fatty acids combine with calcium to produce the white deposits. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary cause of fat necrosis in the context of acute pancreatitis?

Leakage of activated pancreatic lipases into the peritoneal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the microscopic appearance of necrotic fat cells in fat necrosis?

Foci of shadowy, unclear outlines of necrotic fat cells with basophilic calcium deposits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the morphologic pattern of fibrinoid necrosis?

The presence of a bright pink, amorphous appearance due to the deposition of fibrin and immune complexes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical condition associated with the development of fibrinoid necrosis?

Malignant hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of the morphologic pattern of wet gangrene?

Liquefactive changes with a central yellow-green area. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nuclear changes is characterized by nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia?

Pyknosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of coagulative necrosis?

Denaturation of structural and enzymatic proteins leading to cell lysis Signup and view all the answers

Which morphologic pattern of necrosis is characterized by profound disruption leading to liquification of tissue?

Liquefactive Signup and view all the answers

In which nuclear change does the pyknotic nucleus undergo fragmentation?

Karyorrhexis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes karyolysis from pyknosis?

Increased basophilia in karyolysis and basophilia fade in pyknosis Signup and view all the answers

Which morphologic pattern of necrosis is associated with a dry, black appearance due to ischemic coagulative necrosis?

Gangrenous necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a wedge-shaped area of necrosis caused by an occluded artery in the kidney?

Kidney infarct Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characterized by the complete digestion of dead cells, transforming tissue into a gelatinous mass?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with caseous necrosis?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histopathologic lesion observed in caseous necrosis?

Granuloma with a central acellular necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is most likely to be detected by performing an acid-fast stain on a lesion exhibiting caseous necrosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe necrosis of a body part, typically a leg, that has undergone coagulation necrosis due to ischemia?