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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about tubular reabsorption?
Which of the following is true about tubular reabsorption?
- It is the process of filtering large amounts of substances in the body.
- It is the process of waste product excretion in the urine.
- It is the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to kidney tubule lumen.
- It is the transfer of materials from kidney tubule lumen to peritubular capillaries. (correct)
What is one of the important conclusions about glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption processes?
What is one of the important conclusions about glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption processes?
- The reabsorption of most useful plasma components is incomplete.
- The filtered loads are smaller than the total amounts of substances in the body. (correct)
- The reabsorption of waste products is complete.
- The filtered loads are excreted in the urine.
Which substance has relatively incomplete reabsorption, resulting in large fractions of its filtered load being excreted in the urine?
Which substance has relatively incomplete reabsorption, resulting in large fractions of its filtered load being excreted in the urine?
- Organic nutrients
- Inorganic ions
- Water
- Urea (correct)
Which substances have relatively complete reabsorption, resulting in very small fractions of their filtered loads being excreted in the urine?
Which substances have relatively complete reabsorption, resulting in very small fractions of their filtered loads being excreted in the urine?
What is an important distinction between reabsorptive processes that can be controlled physiologically and those that cannot?
What is an important distinction between reabsorptive processes that can be controlled physiologically and those that cannot?
What happens to the filtered loads of organic nutrients in a healthy kidney?
What happens to the filtered loads of organic nutrients in a healthy kidney?
What do the kidneys not regulate the plasma concentrations of?
What do the kidneys not regulate the plasma concentrations of?
What is the volume of water filtered each day in the body?
What is the volume of water filtered each day in the body?
Which of the following is not a component that undergoes filtration and reabsorption?
Which of the following is not a component that undergoes filtration and reabsorption?
What is the process of transferring materials from peritubular capillaries to kidney tubule lumen called?
What is the process of transferring materials from peritubular capillaries to kidney tubule lumen called?
Which of the following is a major function of the kidneys?
Which of the following is a major function of the kidneys?
What is the process called when the kidneys reclaim useful substances from tubular fluid while allowing waste products to be excreted?
What is the process called when the kidneys reclaim useful substances from tubular fluid while allowing waste products to be excreted?
Which of the following is NOT involved in the crucial steps of tubular reabsorption?
Which of the following is NOT involved in the crucial steps of tubular reabsorption?
What is the term for the reabsorption of urea by the proximal tubule?
What is the term for the reabsorption of urea by the proximal tubule?
What is the movement of Na+ into the cell across the apical membrane through specific channels or transporters called?
What is the movement of Na+ into the cell across the apical membrane through specific channels or transporters called?
What is the term for the limit to the amounts of material that can be transported per unit time by the mediated-transport-reabsorptive systems in the renal tubule?
What is the term for the limit to the amounts of material that can be transported per unit time by the mediated-transport-reabsorptive systems in the renal tubule?
Why does glucose not usually appear in the urine?
Why does glucose not usually appear in the urine?
What is the concentration of plasma glucose in a healthy person that normally does not exceed before glucose starts to appear in the urine?
What is the concentration of plasma glucose in a healthy person that normally does not exceed before glucose starts to appear in the urine?
Which of the following substances undergo tubular reabsorption coupled to the reabsorption of Na+?
Which of the following substances undergo tubular reabsorption coupled to the reabsorption of Na+?
What is the term for the movement of substances across the apical membrane, through the cytosol of the cell, and then across the basolateral membrane?
What is the term for the movement of substances across the apical membrane, through the cytosol of the cell, and then across the basolateral membrane?
Which substances are reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?
Which substances are reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?
What happens if the filtered load exceeds the tubular reabsorptive Tm?
What happens if the filtered load exceeds the tubular reabsorptive Tm?
What is tubular secretion?
What is tubular secretion?
Which substances are the most important substances secreted by the tubules?
Which substances are the most important substances secreted by the tubules?
What is required for active secretion of a substance?
What is required for active secretion of a substance?
What is the purpose of tubular secretion?
What is the purpose of tubular secretion?
What is the role of the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle in reabsorption?
What is the role of the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle in reabsorption?
How is the reabsorption or secretion of substances regulated?
How is the reabsorption or secretion of substances regulated?
What happens to certain organic substances taken up from the tubular lumen or peritubular capillaries?
What happens to certain organic substances taken up from the tubular lumen or peritubular capillaries?
What is the function of the distal segments of the tubules?
What is the function of the distal segments of the tubules?
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Study Notes
Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular reabsorption is the process of reclaiming useful substances from tubular fluid while allowing waste products to be excreted.
- The kidneys reclaim useful substances through tubular reabsorption, and it's an important function of the kidneys.
Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Reabsorption
- One of the important conclusions about glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption processes is that the kidneys filter around 180 liters of water per day, and most of it is reabsorbed.
- The volume of water filtered each day in the body is approximately 180 liters.
Substances and Reabsorption
- Glucose, amino acids, and inorganic ions have relatively complete reabsorption, resulting in very small fractions of their filtered loads being excreted in the urine.
- Urea has relatively incomplete reabsorption, resulting in large fractions of its filtered load being excreted in the urine.
- Glucose does not usually appear in the urine because it is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule.
- The concentration of plasma glucose in a healthy person that normally does not exceed before glucose starts to appear in the urine is 180-200 mg/dL.
Mechanisms of Reabsorption
- The reabsorption of urea by the proximal tubule is called urea reabsorption.
- The movement of Na+ into the cell across the apical membrane through specific channels or transporters is called sodium cotransport.
- The term for the limit to the amounts of material that can be transported per unit time by the mediated-transport-reabsorptive systems in the renal tubule is transport maximum (Tm).
- The movement of substances across the apical membrane, through the cytosol of the cell, and then across the basolateral membrane is called transcellular transport.
Regulation of Reabsorption
- The reabsorption or secretion of substances is regulated physiologically.
- The proximal tubule and the loop of Henle play a crucial role in reabsorption.
- Certain organic substances taken up from the tubular lumen or peritubular capillaries are metabolized by the cells.
Tubular Secretion
- Tubular secretion is the process of transferring materials from peritubular capillaries to kidney tubule lumen.
- The most important substances secreted by the tubules are potassium, hydrogen, and ammonia.
- Active secretion of a substance requires energy and specific transport mechanisms.
- The purpose of tubular secretion is to eliminate waste products and maintain acid-base balance.
- The distal segments of the tubules are responsible for fine-tuning the amount of substances in the urine.
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