Renal System: Glomerular Filtration

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What is the primary reason for fluid overload in patients with oliguria?

Increased heart rate

Inability to eliminate excess fluids (correct)

Increased urine production

Decreased blood pressure

What is the effect of high potassium levels on the heart?

Increased blood pressure

Decreased cardiac output

Increased heart rate

Cardiac dysrhythmias (correct)

What is the relationship between phosphorus and calcium levels in the body?

Variable relationship

Directly proportional

Inversely proportional (correct)

No relationship

What is the role of the kidney in maintaining calcium levels?

Activating vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of elevated phosphorus levels on bone health?

Renal osteodystrophy Signup and view all the answers

Why does calcium levels decrease in patients with kidney failure?

Decreased vitamin D activation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to calcium levels when parathyroid hormone (PTH) is produced?

Calcium levels increase Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of metabolic acidosis in the kidneys?

Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?

Stimulate red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of chronic kidney disease?

Renal osteodystrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anemia in kidney failure?

Reduced erythropoietin production Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of treatment for acute kidney injury?

ID cause, correct it, and give kidney time to recover Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating kidney infections aggressively?

To prevent permanent kidney damage and renal failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pushing fluid through the urinary tract?

To flush organisms out of the urinary tract through the washout phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment approach for bladder infections?

A few days of oral antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to correct any underlying physiological flaws that may have contributed to the infection?

To prevent future UTIs and reduce the risk of chronic infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment approach for kidney infections?

A few days of IV antibiotics followed by a couple of weeks of oral antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is struvite composed of?

Magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to determine the composition of a kidney stone?

To develop a treatment plan to prevent future stones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a kidney stone?

Pain in the flank and abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hematuria in kidney stone patients?

Scraping of the ureter walls by the stone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with kidney stones?

Pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pain in kidney stone patients?

A cramping or spasmodic pain that comes and goes in waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines what substances pass into the urine?

Integrity of the glomerular basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood that does not get filtered into the tubular component?

It travels to the efferent arteriole Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal rate of filtrate formation per minute?

125 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent and efferent arterioles?

To control the amount of filtrate formed Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the pressure in the glomerulus increases?

More filtrate is formed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is too large to pass through the glomerular basement membrane?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers