Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances is considered endogenous?
Which of the following substances is considered endogenous?
What is the impact of freezing point measurement substances on osmolarity?
What is the impact of freezing point measurement substances on osmolarity?
What is the main source of error in creatinine clearance tests?
What is the main source of error in creatinine clearance tests?
To calculate creatinine clearance, which of the following values is used?
To calculate creatinine clearance, which of the following values is used?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal serum osmolarity range?
What is the normal serum osmolarity range?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is NaCl used as a reference solution in clinical osmometers?
Why is NaCl used as a reference solution in clinical osmometers?
Signup and view all the answers
What should the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio be after controlled fluid intake?
What should the urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio be after controlled fluid intake?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following substances would mainly interfere with freezing point measurements?
Which of the following substances would mainly interfere with freezing point measurements?
Signup and view all the answers
Which conditions are associated with respiratory and renal symptoms?
Which conditions are associated with respiratory and renal symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the presence of white blood cells and white blood cell casts with no bacteria indicative of?
What is the presence of white blood cells and white blood cell casts with no bacteria indicative of?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT associated with the presence of fatty casts?
Which of the following is NOT associated with the presence of fatty casts?
Signup and view all the answers
In which condition would you expect to see the highest levels of proteinuria?
In which condition would you expect to see the highest levels of proteinuria?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of renal failure can be caused by factors such as massive hemorrhage?
Which type of renal failure can be caused by factors such as massive hemorrhage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is not typically characterized by end-stage renal disease?
Which condition is not typically characterized by end-stage renal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common composition of renal calculi?
What is the most common composition of renal calculi?
Signup and view all the answers
Ischemia frequently produces which of the following conditions?
Ischemia frequently produces which of the following conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disorder is most commonly associated with polyuria and low specific gravity?
Which disorder is most commonly associated with polyuria and low specific gravity?
Signup and view all the answers
What would a newborn's urine indicating MSUD (Maple Syrup Urine Disease) most likely have?
What would a newborn's urine indicating MSUD (Maple Syrup Urine Disease) most likely have?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most crucial purpose of newborn screening for PKU?
What is the most crucial purpose of newborn screening for PKU?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disorder is NOT detectable through standard newborn screening?
Which disorder is NOT detectable through standard newborn screening?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the best specimen type recommended for early newborn screening?
What is the best specimen type recommended for early newborn screening?
Signup and view all the answers
Hartnup disease is associated with the metabolism of which substance?
Hartnup disease is associated with the metabolism of which substance?
Signup and view all the answers
Ketonuria in a newborn primarily indicates which condition?
Ketonuria in a newborn primarily indicates which condition?
Signup and view all the answers
What does urine from a newborn with MSUD typically exhibit?
What does urine from a newborn with MSUD typically exhibit?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary concern when pleocytosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes is found in the CSF?
What is the primary concern when pleocytosis of neutrophils and lymphocytes is found in the CSF?
Signup and view all the answers
Neutrophils with pyknotic nuclei may be mistaken for which of the following?
Neutrophils with pyknotic nuclei may be mistaken for which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are increased in a parasitic infection?
Which cells are increased in a parasitic infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the reference range for CSF protein?
What is the reference range for CSF protein?
Signup and view all the answers
In serum, the second most prevalent protein is IgG; in CSF, the second most prevalent protein is:
In serum, the second most prevalent protein is IgG; in CSF, the second most prevalent protein is:
Signup and view all the answers
Elevated CSF protein values can be caused by all of the following except:
Elevated CSF protein values can be caused by all of the following except:
Signup and view all the answers
Macrophages typically appear in the CSF after which event?
Macrophages typically appear in the CSF after which event?
Signup and view all the answers
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier is measured using the:
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier is measured using the:
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes the observation of broad casts?
Which statement accurately describes the observation of broad casts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following does NOT contribute to urinary crystal formation?
Which of the following does NOT contribute to urinary crystal formation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most valuable initial aid for identifying crystals in a urine specimen?
What is the most valuable initial aid for identifying crystals in a urine specimen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following crystals is NOT associated with severe liver disease?
Which of the following crystals is NOT associated with severe liver disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following crystals routinely polarizes?
Which of the following crystals routinely polarizes?
Signup and view all the answers
Casts can usually be differentiated using which of the following methods?
Casts can usually be differentiated using which of the following methods?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of microscopy detects specific wavelengths of light emitted from objects?
What type of microscopy detects specific wavelengths of light emitted from objects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected appearance of cholesterol crystals under polarized microscopy?
What is the expected appearance of cholesterol crystals under polarized microscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary cause of most glomerular disorders?
What is the primary cause of most glomerular disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a generalized defect in tubular reabsorption?
Which of the following disorders is characterized by a generalized defect in tubular reabsorption?
Signup and view all the answers
In which condition would occasional episodes of macroscopic hematuria persist over many years?
In which condition would occasional episodes of macroscopic hematuria persist over many years?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is associated with the presence of dysmorphic RBC casts?
Which condition is associated with the presence of dysmorphic RBC casts?
Signup and view all the answers
What should a teenage boy with gout and high serum uric acid be monitored for?
What should a teenage boy with gout and high serum uric acid be monitored for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein is solely produced by the kidneys?
Which protein is solely produced by the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disorder is indicated by the presence of renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells and casts?
Which disorder is indicated by the presence of renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells and casts?
Signup and view all the answers
An antiglomerular basement membrane antibody is typically associated with which condition?
An antiglomerular basement membrane antibody is typically associated with which condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Urinalysis and Body Fluids
- Primary source of infection in the urinalysis lab is needlestick injuries.
- Best way to prevent infection is by handwashing and using personal protective equipment.
- Universal precautions, the current infection control guideline, encompass blood and body fluid precautions.
- Accidental exposure to bloodborne pathogens requires immediate reporting to a supervisor, flushing with water, and cleaning with a disinfectant.
Safety Procedures in the Lab
- Lab coats should be fluid-resistant and have long sleeves.
- Biohazardous waste containers are used for contaminated materials.
- Gloves are necessary for direct contact with bodily fluids.
- Acid spills require neutralization with a base and immediate flushing with water.
- Biologic hazards can result from centrifuging uncapped specimens, sharp contamination, or aerosol formation.
- Following safety precautions prevents accidents and infections.
- Always wear proper safety equipment when handling potentially infectious materials.
- Always observe all safety guidelines and protocols.
- Contact supervisor if unsure about handling a spill or exposure.
Urinalysis Procedure
- The average daily urine output is 1200 mL.
- First morning urine specimens are often more concentrated than random specimens.
- Discarding the initial specimen can lead to inaccurate results.
- Procedures should be followed carefully when collecting specimens, particularly timed specimens.
Fire Safety
- The first thing to do in case of a fire is to rescue persons in danger.
- Activate the alarm system.
- Close doors to other areas, if possible.
- Extinguish the fire if possible.
Additional Information
- Centrifuging an uncapped specimen may produce biological hazards.
- Personnel should not operate with radioisotopes if they are allergic to iodine or latex or are pregnant.
- An employer can be fined if they fail to provide necessary gloves for their employees.
- Use appropriate disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide) for blood and body fluid decontamination.
- Proper handwashing technique should be followed (rinsing hands in a downward motion with water and a paper towel).
- Avoid pipetting by mouth.
- Use appropriate safety equipment such as gloves and eye protection.
- Be aware of expiry dates of materials.
- Be aware of specific measures for biohazard materials.
- Document all procedures accurately and completely.
- Understand and follow the proper protocols for handling and storing specimens.
- Be aware of the components of a fire extinguisher (PASS).
- Be aware of the types of fire classification (e.g. Class A).
- Ensure appropriate disposal of waste materials.
- Understand the different requirements for specimen preservation.
Urine Composition
- The primary inorganic substance in urine is chloride.
- Symptoms like polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, and low urine-specific gravity indicate diabetes insipidus.
- Urine specimens should be properly labeled and preserved before testing.
- Some possible reasons for rejecting a urine specimen include the absence of a requisition, the mismatch between the requisition and the label, the presence of fecal matter in the specimen container, and the specimen not being catheterized as indicated on the requisition.
Microscopy
- The microscope is used in the laboratory to give better clarity of specimens.
- A variety of solutions may be used in order to highlight certain substances.
- Properly maintaining the microscope will ensure it can run smoothly.
Other Considerations
- Use of proper PPE is essential to maintain hygiene.
- Safety data sheets (SDS) are important for knowing the properties of materials.
- Proper disposal of lab materials and waste is important to maintain a safe and clean environment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on renal physiology and clinical osmolality concepts with this quiz. You will encounter questions about creatinine clearance, osmolarity, and the significance of various substances in renal tests. It is designed for students studying renal function and related clinical practices.
