Renal Physiology Quiz

<p>Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16% – 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It selectively permits water, glucose, and small plasma proteins to pass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>105 – 120 ml/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>99% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration decreases due to insufficient pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the GFR. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrations of glomerular endothelial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150L – 180L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made of a sieve-like structure with fenestrations and slits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It hinders filtration by pulling water back into the capillaries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RPF is the volume of plasma moving through the kidneys per unit time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced filtration efficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration ceases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More urine is produced than normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From the degradation of creatine phosphate in muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in NFP leads to an increase in GFR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 – 2 L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size and charge of solutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16 – 20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the rate of filtration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creatinine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow only specific small molecules to pass. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases metabolic waste excretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration completely stops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It drives the filtration process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are too large to enter the filtration slits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>99% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It takes place in the PCT and descending limb of nephron loop. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Countercurrent Multiplication System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys produce dilute urine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It actively pumps Na+, Cl-, and K+ into the interstitial space. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consumption of diuretics like thiazides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aquaporins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More solute is reabsorbed than water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the exchange of solutes and water in the renal medulla. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low blood pressure or low renal blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal Convoluted Tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR decreases due to vasoconstriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances are lost in urine due to rapid passage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits secretion of renin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% to 90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principal cells reabsorb potassium while intercalated cells secrete it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis and the presence of aquaporins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most abundant organic waste product, a byproduct of amino acid breakdown.

A waste product of creatine phosphate breakdown in muscles.

Waste formed during the recycling of RNA nitrogenous bases.

Blood pressure pushes fluid and small solutes across the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule.

A barrier that determines what substances can pass from blood into the Bowman's capsule. Composed of fenestrations, basement membrane, and filtration slits.

The difference between pressures driving filtration (GBHP) and those opposing it (CHP and BCOP).

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries, favoring filtration.

The percentage of renal plasma flow (RPF) that becomes glomerular filtrate.

The amount of filtrate formed per minute by all the renal corpuscles.

The volume of plasma passing through the kidneys per unit of time

The urinary system maintains homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of blood.

The urinary system concentrates urine to a range of 855 to 1355 mOsm/L.

Urea is the most abundant organic waste in urine, a by-product of amino acid breakdown. It's a safer form of ammonia.

Creatinine is a by-product of creatine phosphate breakdown in muscles.

Uric acid is formed during the recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA.

Urine formation involves three processes: Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion.

Glomerular filtration is the process where blood hydrostatic pressure forces water and small solutes from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule.

Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is the difference between the forces pushing fluid out of the glomerulus (GBHP) and the forces pushing fluid back in (CHP and BCOP).

Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP) is the blood pressure within the glomerular capillaries, which promotes filtration.

Filtration fraction (FF) is the percentage of the renal plasma flow (RPF) that becomes glomerular filtrate.

The urinary system maintains homeostasis by regulating blood volume and composition.

The urinary system concentrates urine to a range of 855 to 1355 mOsm/L.

Substances produced during metabolism that the body needs to eliminate.

The process where blood pressure forces water and small solutes out of the blood into the glomerular capsule.

The process where useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood from the tubules.

The process where waste products are actively transported from the blood into the tubules.

The urinary system regulates blood volume and composition to maintain homeostasis.

Urine is typically concentrated to 855-1355 mOsm/L.

Metabolic wastes are byproducts of metabolism that the body needs to eliminate.

Urine formation involves filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

NFP is the pressure difference that drives filtration, influenced by blood pressure and opposing forces from the capsule and proteins.

GFR is the amount of filtrate formed per minute by all the renal corpuscles. It's a key measure of kidney function.

The kidney's ability to maintain a constant GFR despite changes in blood pressure.

Water reabsorption that happens in the PCT and descending limb of the nephron loop, where water movement cannot be prevented. It recovers 85% of the filtrate and cannot be adjusted.

Water reabsorption that occurs in the DCT and collecting tubule, allowing precise control by ADH. It reabsorbs the remaining 15% of the filtrate volume to adjust urine concentration.

Urine produced in the absence of ADH, leading to less water reabsorption. It's more dilute than blood plasma, with a concentration as low as 80 mOsm/L compared to 300 mOsm/L of blood.

Urine produced in the presence of ADH, leading to greater water reabsorption. It's more concentrated than blood plasma due to increased solute concentration.

A system in the nephron loop that creates an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla, enabling the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. This gradient allows water reabsorption from the tubular fluid.

Part of the nephron loop permeable to water but impermeable to salts (Na+, Cl-, K+). It allows water to move out.

Part of the nephron loop permeable to salts (Na+, Cl-, K+) but impermeable to water. It pumps salts out.

The exchange of solutes and water between the blood of the vasa recta and the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla. It helps retain the osmotic gradient created by countercurrent multiplication.

A condition where there's insufficient ADH production or response, leading to excessive dilute urine production and dehydration.

A type of diabetes insipidus caused by an inability of the posterior pituitary or hypothalamus to secrete ADH.