30 Questions
What is the main function of the juxtamedullary nephrons?
Concentration of urine
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and essential substances?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron?
Renal artery
What is the primary function of the renal blood flow?
Filtration
Which type of nephrons are responsible for the removal of waste products and the reabsorption of nutrients?
Cortical nephrons
What is the primary function of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
Reabsorption of solutes
What percentage of the blood pumped through the heart is filtered by the kidneys at all times?
25%
What is the purpose of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the kidney?
To regulate blood flow to the kidney
What is the function of the podocytes in the visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule?
To intertwine their foot processes and create a filtration barrier
What is the primary function of the basement membrane/basal lamina in the glomerular filtration process?
To restrict the passage of large molecules and blood cells
How does low blood pressure affect the glomerular filtration process?
It causes dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the efferent arterioles to prevent a marked decrease in blood flow to the kidney
What is the primary function of the capillary wall membrane in the glomerular filtration process?
To allow the passage of plasma substances through its fenestrated endothelial cells
What is the normal range for serum osmolarity?
275 - 300 mOsm
What is the normal range for urine osmolarity?
50 - 1,400 mOsm
What is the ideal U:S Osmolarity Ratio under normal random conditions?
1:1
What does a positive free water clearance (CH2O) value indicate?
Excess water is being excreted
Which test is used to measure effective renal plasma flow?
Para-aminohippuric Acid Test (PAH)
What is the purpose of the Titratable Acidity and Urinary Ammonia test?
To determine the ability of the kidneys to produce an acid urine
What is the molecular weight of cystatin C?
13,359
Which clearance test is recommended as the reference method?
Inulin clearance
In the creatinine clearance calculation formula, what does 'V' represent?
Urine volume in mL/min
Which test involves depriving patients of fluids for 24 hours?
Fishberg Test
What is the normal range for creatinine clearance in males?
85 - 125 mL/min
Which test compares the volume and specific gravity of day and night urine samples?
Mosenthal Test
What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System respond to?
Changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content
Which part of the nephron does not engage in passive transport?
Ascending loop of Henle
What hormone triggers water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone
Where does tubular concentration primarily occur?
Descending loop of Henle
What is the role of the Renal Threshold in tubular reabsorption?
It sets the maximum level for glucose reabsorption
Which part of the nephron is responsible for removing water through osmosis?
Descending loop of Henle
Explore the different parts of nephrons in the renal system, focusing on the glomerulus and renal tubules. Understand the functions of cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons in waste removal and urine concentration.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
