Renal Physiology: Parts of Nephrons

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What is the main function of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Reabsorption of nutrients

Filtration of blood

Concentration of urine (correct)

Removal of waste products

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and essential substances?

Collecting duct

Distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a part of the nephron?

Renal artery (correct)

Distal convoluted tubule

Glomerulus

Loop of Henle

What is the primary function of the renal blood flow?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephrons are responsible for the removal of waste products and the reabsorption of nutrients?

Cortical nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

Reabsorption of solutes Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the blood pumped through the heart is filtered by the kidneys at all times?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the kidney?

To regulate blood flow to the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the podocytes in the visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule?

To intertwine their foot processes and create a filtration barrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basement membrane/basal lamina in the glomerular filtration process?

To restrict the passage of large molecules and blood cells Signup and view all the answers

How does low blood pressure affect the glomerular filtration process?

It causes dilation of the afferent arterioles and constriction of the efferent arterioles to prevent a marked decrease in blood flow to the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the capillary wall membrane in the glomerular filtration process?

To allow the passage of plasma substances through its fenestrated endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum osmolarity?

275 - 300 mOsm Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for urine osmolarity?

50 - 1,400 mOsm Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal U:S Osmolarity Ratio under normal random conditions?

1:1 Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive free water clearance (CH2O) value indicate?

Excess water is being excreted Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to measure effective renal plasma flow?

Para-aminohippuric Acid Test (PAH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Titratable Acidity and Urinary Ammonia test?

To determine the ability of the kidneys to produce an acid urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular weight of cystatin C?

13,359 Signup and view all the answers

Which clearance test is recommended as the reference method?

Inulin clearance Signup and view all the answers

In the creatinine clearance calculation formula, what does 'V' represent?

Urine volume in mL/min Signup and view all the answers

Which test involves depriving patients of fluids for 24 hours?

Fishberg Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for creatinine clearance in males?

85 - 125 mL/min Signup and view all the answers

Which test compares the volume and specific gravity of day and night urine samples?

Mosenthal Test Signup and view all the answers

What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System respond to?

Changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron does not engage in passive transport?

Ascending loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What hormone triggers water reabsorption in the collecting duct?

Antidiuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

Where does tubular concentration primarily occur?

Descending loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Renal Threshold in tubular reabsorption?

It sets the maximum level for glucose reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for removing water through osmosis?