Renal Physiology Overview

<p>Renin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juxtamedullary nephron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>125 ml/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medulla (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption of water and solutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major calyces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein-free dialysate of plasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased afferent arteriolar resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fenestrated capillary epithelium and basement membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By regulating renal blood flow over a range of blood pressures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys filter blood, remove waste products, and regulate essential substances in the body.

The urinary system removes metabolic wastes, drugs, and other foreign substances from the body.

Controlling the rate at which substances are filtered from the blood in the kidneys.

The amount of blood flowing through the kidneys.

The kidneys maintain the correct amounts of water and electrolytes like sodium and potassium.

The kidney has two main sections: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex contains the filtration units (nephrons), while the medulla houses the collecting ducts that concentrate urine.

There are two types of nephrons: cortical and juxtamedullary. Cortical nephrons are responsible for reabsorbing water and solutes, while juxtamedullary nephrons play a key role in concentrating urine.

A nephron is composed of a renal corpuscle, which filters blood, and a renal tubule, which modifies the filtrate. The tubule includes the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.

Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, where blood pressure forces fluid and small solutes from the blood into Bowman’s capsule, forming the filtrate.

Reabsorption occurs from the tubules back into the bloodstream. Useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and water are reabsorbed.

Secretion occurs from the blood into the tubules. Waste products and toxins are secreted into the filtrate.

GFR measures the volume of plasma filtered by the glomeruli per unit time. It reflects the kidney's filtering capacity and is a key indicator of kidney function.

The urinary excretion of a substance is determined by its filtration rate, reabsorption rate, and secretion rate. The equation is: Excretion = Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion.

The functional unit of the kidney, composed of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

A specialized structure within the glomerulus composed of fenestrated capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes, which restricts the passage of large molecules into the filtrate.

The volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule per unit time, reflecting the efficiency of kidney filtration.

The pressure within the glomerular capillaries, pushing fluid out into Bowman's capsule, the primary driving force for filtration.

The pressure of fluid inside Bowman's capsule, resisting the flow of fluid from the glomerular capillaries.

The pressure exerted by proteins within the blood, pulling water back into the glomerular capillaries.

Widening of the afferent arteriole leads to increased blood flow into the glomerulus, increasing glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PH) and GFR.

Narrowing of the efferent arteriole restricts blood outflow from the glomerulus, increasing glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PH) and GFR.