19 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Regulating CO2 levels in the blood
What is the net effect of H+ secretion into kidney tubules on blood pH?
Decrease in blood pH
What is the major buffer present in the blood for pH regulation?
HCO3- (bicarbonate)
Which enzyme catalyzes both intra- and extracellular production of carbonic acid?
Carbonic anhydrase
When arterial pressure is less than 85 mm Hg, which of the following is NOT expected to occur?
Stimulation of thirst by angiotensin
In cardiac muscle, the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential is primarily due to:
Na+ influx through voltage-gated channels
Which of the following best describes the refractory period in cardiac muscle cells?
It prevents tetanic contractions to protect the heart.
Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of cardiac muscle?
Cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs.
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart's electrical conduction system?
To delay conduction between atria and ventricles to ensure proper filling.
What is the purpose of countercurrent exchange in biological systems?
To create a gradient that amplifies the movement of substances
How do electrochemical gradients serve as sources of potential energy in transport mechanisms?
By actively pumping ions against their concentration gradients
In the context of plant biology, what is the significance of 'genetic redundancy'?
It ensures that plants can survive with mutations in certain genes
How does the action spectrum differ from the absorption spectrum in photosynthesis?
The action spectrum shows light wavelengths absorbed by pigments; the absorption spectrum shows wavelengths promoting photochemical reactions
What is the primary function of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?
To convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP
What is the role of phytochrome in plants?
Acting as a sensor of light quantity, quality, and duration
What recurring mechanism involves hormone action at many different levels and the concept of signaling webs?
Signaling webs vs. distinct pathways
How do C4 and CAM plants differ in their carbon fixation pathways?
C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon, while CAM plants use RuBisCO
Which plant photoreceptor plays a crucial role in regulating growth by sensing light wavelengths?
Phytochrome
What is the primary function of bioassays when detecting an unknown chemical in plants?
To assess the chemical's effect on plant growth or other biological responses
Explore why nutrients such as sugars and amino acids are retained in the bloodstream after filtration through the kidney. Test your understanding of the mechanisms involving glomerular capillaries, Bowman's capsule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
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