Renal Physiology: Nutrient Retention Mechanism
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

  • Regulating salt balance
  • Regulating pH balance of blood
  • Regulating water balance
  • Regulating CO2 levels in the blood (correct)
  • What is the net effect of H+ secretion into kidney tubules on blood pH?

  • Increase in blood pH
  • Indirect effect on HCO3- levels
  • Decrease in blood pH (correct)
  • No effect on blood pH
  • What is the major buffer present in the blood for pH regulation?

  • H2O
  • HCO3- (bicarbonate) (correct)
  • K+ ions
  • NaCl
  • Which enzyme catalyzes both intra- and extracellular production of carbonic acid?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When arterial pressure is less than 85 mm Hg, which of the following is NOT expected to occur?

    <p>Stimulation of thirst by angiotensin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiac muscle, the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential is primarily due to:

    <p>Na+ influx through voltage-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the refractory period in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>It prevents tetanic contractions to protect the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of cardiac muscle?

    <p>Cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart's electrical conduction system?

    <p>To delay conduction between atria and ventricles to ensure proper filling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of countercurrent exchange in biological systems?

    <p>To create a gradient that amplifies the movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electrochemical gradients serve as sources of potential energy in transport mechanisms?

    <p>By actively pumping ions against their concentration gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of plant biology, what is the significance of 'genetic redundancy'?

    <p>It ensures that plants can survive with mutations in certain genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the action spectrum differ from the absorption spectrum in photosynthesis?

    <p>The action spectrum shows light wavelengths absorbed by pigments; the absorption spectrum shows wavelengths promoting photochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts during photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phytochrome in plants?

    <p>Acting as a sensor of light quantity, quality, and duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recurring mechanism involves hormone action at many different levels and the concept of signaling webs?

    <p>Signaling webs vs. distinct pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do C4 and CAM plants differ in their carbon fixation pathways?

    <p>C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon, while CAM plants use RuBisCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant photoreceptor plays a crucial role in regulating growth by sensing light wavelengths?

    <p>Phytochrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bioassays when detecting an unknown chemical in plants?

    <p>To assess the chemical's effect on plant growth or other biological responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

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