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Questions and Answers
What is the name of the functional and structural unit of the kidney?
What is the name of the functional and structural unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
Homeostasis
What are the two main types of nephrons in the kidney?
What are the two main types of nephrons in the kidney?
What is the name given to the blind end of a nephron?
What is the name given to the blind end of a nephron?
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
What is the name given to the cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
What is the name given to the cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
What is the name of the coiled portion of the renal tubule that immediately follows Bowman's capsule?
What is the name of the coiled portion of the renal tubule that immediately follows Bowman's capsule?
What is the name of the U-shaped structure in the nephron?
What is the name of the U-shaped structure in the nephron?
What is the name of the coiled portion of the renal tubule that follows the loop of Henle?
What is the name of the coiled portion of the renal tubule that follows the loop of Henle?
What is the name of the structure that collects urine from several nephrons and carries it to the renal pelvis?
What is the name of the structure that collects urine from several nephrons and carries it to the renal pelvis?
What is the name of the specialized structure that regulates glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure by secreting renin?
What is the name of the specialized structure that regulates glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure by secreting renin?
Which hormone is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells and plays a central role in regulating blood pressure?
Which hormone is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells and plays a central role in regulating blood pressure?
What is the name given to the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient?
What is the name given to the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects glomerular filtration rate?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects glomerular filtration rate?
What is the name of the process by which water and other essential substances are returned to the blood from the renal tubule?
What is the name of the process by which water and other essential substances are returned to the blood from the renal tubule?
What is the name of the process by which substances are secreted from the blood into the renal tubule?
What is the name of the process by which substances are secreted from the blood into the renal tubule?
What is the maximum rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed from the renal tubule?
What is the maximum rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed from the renal tubule?
What is the name of the process by which the kidneys help to maintain the body's acid-base balance?
What is the name of the process by which the kidneys help to maintain the body's acid-base balance?
What is the name of the process by which the kidneys concentrate urine?
What is the name of the process by which the kidneys concentrate urine?
What is the name of the hormone that regulates the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water?
What is the name of the hormone that regulates the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water?
What is the name of the process by which urine is emptied from the bladder?
What is the name of the process by which urine is emptied from the bladder?
What type of muscle is responsible for the contraction of the bladder wall?
What type of muscle is responsible for the contraction of the bladder wall?
What is the name of the involuntary loss of urine due to a weakened bladder muscle?
What is the name of the involuntary loss of urine due to a weakened bladder muscle?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the kidneys fail to remove waste products and toxins from the blood?
What is the name of the condition that occurs when the kidneys fail to remove waste products and toxins from the blood?
What is the name of the process that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove waste products and toxins from the blood?
What is the name of the process that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove waste products and toxins from the blood?
What is the name of the machine used to perform dialysis?
What is the name of the machine used to perform dialysis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of dialysis?
Which of the following is NOT a complication of dialysis?
Match the following types of diuretics with their primary action:
Match the following types of diuretics with their primary action:
What is the main function of the skin?
What is the main function of the skin?
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?
Which of the following is NOT a layer of the epidermis?
What is the name of the pigment that gives skin its color?
What is the name of the pigment that gives skin its color?
What is the name of the glands in skin that secrete oil?
What is the name of the glands in skin that secrete oil?
What is the name of the condition where the body temperature is abnormally high?
What is the name of the condition where the body temperature is abnormally high?
What is the name of the part of the brain that regulates body temperature?
What is the name of the part of the brain that regulates body temperature?
What is the name of the chemical substances produced and secreted by apocrine glands that can cause changes in behavior and physiology in other individuals of the same species?
What is the name of the chemical substances produced and secreted by apocrine glands that can cause changes in behavior and physiology in other individuals of the same species?
Flashcards
Excretion
Excretion
The process of eliminating metabolic waste products and unwanted substances from the body.
Kidney
Kidney
The primary excretory organ in the body, responsible for maintaining homeostasis, filtering blood, producing urine, and regulating various bodily functions.
Nephron
Nephron
The structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.
Renal system
Renal system
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Homeostasis (by kidneys)
Homeostasis (by kidneys)
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Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis
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Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin
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Cortex of the kidney
Cortex of the kidney
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Medulla of the kidney
Medulla of the kidney
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Renal papilla
Renal papilla
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Glomerular filtration
Glomerular filtration
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Glomerulus
Glomerulus
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Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
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Filtration fraction
Filtration fraction
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Tubular reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption
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Tubular secretion
Tubular secretion
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Macula densa
Macula densa
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Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
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Juxtaglomerular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
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Renin
Renin
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Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
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Tubuloglomerular feedback
Tubuloglomerular feedback
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Renal blood flow
Renal blood flow
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Renal autoregulation
Renal autoregulation
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Myogenic response
Myogenic response
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Vasa recta
Vasa recta
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Renal failure
Renal failure
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Micturition
Micturition
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Dialysis
Dialysis
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Study Notes
Renal Physiology and Skin
- Section 5 of the book covers Renal Physiology and Skin, with page numbers for each topic
- 48 to 63 are the chapter numbers covering detailed aspects of kidneys and skin
- Kidney functions include excretion of waste, water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance
- Kidneys produce urine, with ureters transporting to a bladder, then excreted via urethra
- Kidney has several functions beyond urine formation, including regulation of homeostasis, red blood cell production, and hormone secretion.
- Key hormones of kidneys: Erythropoietin, Thrombopoietin, Renin, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol), and Prostaglandins.
- Kidney structure has Cortex, Medulla, and Renal Sinus; and consists of uriniferous tubules (including nephrons and collecting ducts)
- Nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a tubular portion.
- Renal circulation involves renal arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, glomerular capillaries, and peritubular capillaries.
- Urine formation has three main processes: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) located near the glomerulus of a nephron, is instrumental in regulating glomerular blood flow and glomerular filtration rate; its components include macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglomerular cells.
- JGA secrets Renin, which initiates the renin-angiotensin system essential for blood pressure control.
- Different types of nephrons: Cortical and Juxtamedullary nephrons. They are different due to the placement of the renal corpuscle
- Tubular reabsorption and secretion, occurring in the nephron's tubular portion, regulate the concentration of substances in the urine
- The concentrations of substances in the filtrate change as it goes through the tubules toward becoming urine.
- Normal urine volume and properties are detailed (volume, acidity, osmolarity, and color etc.)
- Specific tests to evaluate kidney function are discussed.
- Mechanisms of urine concentration are detailed in the different stages of the kidney tubules
- Kidney's role in acid-base balance and urine acidification involve bicarbonate, phosphate and ammonia mechanisms
- Dialysis and artificial kidney procedures are explained, alongside their mechanisms of action, frequency, and duration
- Types of diuretics are presented, along with their uses and potential complications
- Skin structure and its layers (epidermis and dermis) are discussed, including hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
- Skin functions include protection (from physical harm, pathogens, and UV radiation); sensation (touch, pain, temperature); thermoregulation (sweat production and vasoconstriction); storage (fat, water); excretion (waste products) and synthesis (vitamin D); also absorption.
- Further information on glands of skin, their types and actions
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Description
Test your knowledge on Renal Physiology and the functions of the kidneys as detailed in Section 5 of your textbook. This quiz covers the anatomy, hormone functions, and urine formation processes related to the kidneys. Understand the essential aspects of how kidneys contribute to body homeostasis and skin physiology.
