Renal Pathophysiology and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is a direct consequence of hypocalcemia in renal failure?

Increased renal tubule cell activity

Increased 1-alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D

Decreased phosphate excretion

Decreased calcium absorption (correct)

What is one significant risk associated with cyst formation in end-stage kidneys during dialysis?

Formation of renal stones

Development of osteoporosis

Persistent hyperphosphatemia

Increased risk for renal cell carcinoma (correct)

Which condition is NOT directly caused by renal osteodystrophy?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Hypocalcemia

Chronic renal failure (correct)

Osteomalacia

What is the treatment option for renal failure that involves replacement of kidney function?

Dialysis or renal transplant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of hyperphosphatemia in renal failure?

Decreased vitamin D synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard method for confirming a diagnosis of cystitis?

Urine culture greater than 100,000 colony forming units Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for the majority of cystitis cases?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is typically NOT associated with cystitis?

High fever Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Use of catheters Signup and view all the answers

Why might Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis notably impact urinary tract infections?

They are both commonly found in alkaline urine Signup and view all the answers

What condition is suggested by the presence of sterile pyuria?

Urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of pyelonephritis?

Hematuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of chronic pyelonephritis?

Cortical scarring with blunted calyces Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for nephrolithiasis?

High concentration of solute in urinary filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is most commonly associated with pyelonephritis?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What condition can lead to atrophic tubules containing eosinophilic proteinaceous material in the kidney?

Chronic pyelonephritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is associated with chronic renal failure?

Uremia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically associated with increased nitrogenous waste products in the blood?

Anorexia Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypocalcemia is caused by decreased 1-alpha-hydroxylation of vitamin D by proximal renal tubule cells and hyperphosphatemia
Renal osteodystrophy results from secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis
Treatment involves dialysis or renal transplant
Cysts often develop within shrunken end-stage kidneys during dialysis, increasing the risk for renal cell carcinoma

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to renal pathophysiology, particularly focusing on hypocalcemia and renal osteodystrophy. It highlights the mechanisms behind vitamin D metabolism and the effects of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Additionally, the quiz discusses treatment options and complications such as kidney cysts associated with dialysis.