Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement correctly describes the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma?
Which statement correctly describes the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma?
What is the most common clinical symptom of renal cell carcinoma?
What is the most common clinical symptom of renal cell carcinoma?
Involvement of the left renal vein by carcinoma is most likely to lead to which condition?
Involvement of the left renal vein by carcinoma is most likely to lead to which condition?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by sporadic renal cell carcinoma?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by sporadic renal cell carcinoma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true regarding Wilms tumor?
Which statement is true regarding Wilms tumor?
Signup and view all the answers
Which histological feature is most characteristic of the common variant of renal cell carcinoma?
Which histological feature is most characteristic of the common variant of renal cell carcinoma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a classic symptom associated with Wilms tumor?
Which of the following is a classic symptom associated with Wilms tumor?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a hereditary Wilms tumor from a sporadic case?
What distinguishes a hereditary Wilms tumor from a sporadic case?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Renal Neoplasia
- Angiomyolipoma:
- A hamartoma composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue.
- Increased frequency in tuberous sclerosis.
- Renal Cell Carcinoma:
- A malignant epithelial tumor originating from kidney tubules.
Additional Renal Tumor Information
- Classic triad of renal tumors:
- Hematuria, palpable mass, and flank pain (rarely occur together).
- Fever, weight loss, or paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, or ACTH) may be present
- Left-sided varicocele:
- Possible complication from blockage of the left renal vein by carcinoma.
- Left spermatic vein blockage causes varicocele.
- Right spermatic vein drains into the IVC; thus preventing a right-sided varicocele.
- Gross and microscopic appearance:
- Yellow mass microscopically shows clear cytoplasm (clear cell type) in the most common variant.
- Pathogenesis (Renal Cell Carcinoma):
- Involves loss of the VHL (3p) tumor suppressor gene.
- Leads to increased IGF-1, promoting growth.
- Increased HIF transcription factor for VEGF and PDGF
- Tumor types:
- Sporadic:
- Common in adult males (average age 60).
- Typically single tumor in the kidney's upper pole.
- Cigarette smoking is a risk factor
- Hereditary:
- Arises in younger adults.
- Typically bilateral tumors.
- Von Hippel-Lindau disease: Autosomal dominant linking to VHL gene inactivation and increased risk for hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum and renal cell carcinoma.
- Sporadic:
- Staging:
- T-stage: based on size and involvement of the renal vein
- Risk of spread to the lungs and bones
- N-stage: spread to retroperitoneal lymph nodes
- T-stage: based on size and involvement of the renal vein
Wilms Tumor
- A malignant kidney tumor, composed of blastema, primitive glomeruli, tubules and stromal cells.
- Most common malignant renal tumor in children (average age 3 years).
- Presents with a large, unilateral, flank mass, hematuria and hypertension.
- 90% are sporadic, some are syndromic:
- WAGR syndrome: Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental and motor retardation, linked to a deletion of the WT1 tumor suppressor gene (11p13).
- Denys-Drash syndrome: Wilms tumor, progressive renal disease, and male pseudohermaphroditism, related to WT1 mutations.
- Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome:
- Wilms tumor, neonatal hypoglycemia, muscular hemihypertrophy, and organomegaly (including tongue).
- Associated with mutations in the WT2 gene cluster (imprinted genes at 11p15.5), particularly IGF-2.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers important aspects of renal neoplasia, focusing on angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma. Explore the classic triad of symptoms and complications associated with renal tumors, including varicocele. Understand the pathogenesis and cellular characteristics of these tumors to enhance your knowledge in this area.
