Renal Infarcts Progression
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Questions and Answers

What histologic changes are typically observed in renal infarcts?

  • Ischemic coagulative necrosis (correct)
  • Fibrous scarring
  • Granulomatous inflammation
  • Purulent exudate formation
  • What is a common clinical manifestation of large renal infarcts?

  • Unilateral flank pain
  • Polyuria
  • Bilateral flank pain
  • Hematuria (correct)
  • What is the most common renal abnormality associated with sickle cell nephropathy?

  • Proteinuria
  • Dysuria
  • Hematuria (correct)
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • What may lead to hypertension in cases of large kidney infarcts?

    <p>Narrowing of the renal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the increased intracellular sickle hemoglobin concentrations in sickle cell nephropathy?

    <p>Hyperosmolarity dehydrating red cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of patchy papillary necrosis seen in sickle cell nephropathy?

    <p>Cortical scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of renal dysplasia or hypoplasia accounts for 20% of chronic kidney disease in children?

    <p>Renal dysplasia caused by acquired defects during gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic defect primarily produces functional abnormalities in tubular transport?

    <p>Cystinuria genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital renal anomaly is usually incompatible with life in affected infants?

    <p>Bilateral agenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely origin of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?

    <p>Proximal tubular epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can develop in the remaining kidney of patients with unilateral kidney agenesis?

    <p>Progressive glomerular sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic color of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?

    <p>Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural components are primarily involved in the developmental abnormalities associated with congenital renal disease?

    <p>Both kidney and urinary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is commonly observed in clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?

    <p>Sharp defined margins extending beyond the renal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of renal dysplasias or hypoplasias, which condition can ensue as a result of adaptive changes in hypertrophied nephrons?

    <p>Chronic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth pattern can be seen in clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?

    <p>Trabecular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common histological feature of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?

    <p>Rounded or polygonal tumor cells with clear cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature seen in clear cell carcinomas as they enlarge?

    <p>Bulging into the renal calyces and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes renal cysts from renal tumors in radiologic studies?

    <p>Smooth contours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex is implicated in the pathogenesis of major cystic kidney diseases, including polycystic kidney disease?

    <p>Cilium-centrosome complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular dysfunction leads to renal cyst formation?

    <p>Abnormal primary cilium function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common histological feature of acquired renal cystic disease in patients with ESRD?

    <p>Lack of calcium oxalate crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with ESRD who have undergone prolonged dialysis, what size range do the renal cysts typically measure?

    <p>0.1-4 cm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium may line the renal cysts observed in acquired cystic disease?

    <p>Flattened tubular epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes renal hypoplasia?

    <p>Developmental failure resulting in small kidneys with no scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes true renal hypoplasia from acquired atrophic kidneys?

    <p>Reduced number of lobes and pyramids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ectopic kidneys be found?

    <p>Just above the pelvic brim or within the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of horseshoe kidneys in autopsies?

    <p>1 in 500 to 1000 autopsies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of abnormal position of cystic kidneys?

    <p>Obstruction to urinary flow causing bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cystic diseases of the kidney are heterogeneous and include which types of disorders?

    <p>Hereditary, developmental, and acquired disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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