30 Questions
What histologic changes are typically observed in renal infarcts?
Ischemic coagulative necrosis
What is a common clinical manifestation of large renal infarcts?
Hematuria
What is the most common renal abnormality associated with sickle cell nephropathy?
Hematuria
What may lead to hypertension in cases of large kidney infarcts?
Narrowing of the renal artery
What is responsible for the increased intracellular sickle hemoglobin concentrations in sickle cell nephropathy?
Hyperosmolarity dehydrating red cells
What is a possible consequence of patchy papillary necrosis seen in sickle cell nephropathy?
Cortical scarring
Which type of renal dysplasia or hypoplasia accounts for 20% of chronic kidney disease in children?
Renal dysplasia caused by acquired defects during gestation
Which genetic defect primarily produces functional abnormalities in tubular transport?
Cystinuria genes
Which congenital renal anomaly is usually incompatible with life in affected infants?
Bilateral agenesis
What is the most likely origin of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?
Proximal tubular epithelium
What complication can develop in the remaining kidney of patients with unilateral kidney agenesis?
Progressive glomerular sclerosis
What is the characteristic color of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?
Yellow
What structural components are primarily involved in the developmental abnormalities associated with congenital renal disease?
Both kidney and urinary tract
What feature is commonly observed in clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?
Sharp defined margins extending beyond the renal capsule
In cases of renal dysplasias or hypoplasias, which condition can ensue as a result of adaptive changes in hypertrophied nephrons?
Chronic kidney disease
Which growth pattern can be seen in clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?
Trabecular
What is a common histological feature of clear cell carcinomas in the kidney?
Rounded or polygonal tumor cells with clear cytoplasm
What is a common feature seen in clear cell carcinomas as they enlarge?
Bulging into the renal calyces and pelvis
What is a key feature that distinguishes renal cysts from renal tumors in radiologic studies?
Smooth contours
Which complex is implicated in the pathogenesis of major cystic kidney diseases, including polycystic kidney disease?
Cilium-centrosome complex
What cellular dysfunction leads to renal cyst formation?
Abnormal primary cilium function
What is a common histological feature of acquired renal cystic disease in patients with ESRD?
Lack of calcium oxalate crystals
In patients with ESRD who have undergone prolonged dialysis, what size range do the renal cysts typically measure?
0.1-4 cm in diameter
What type of epithelium may line the renal cysts observed in acquired cystic disease?
Flattened tubular epithelium
Which of the following best describes renal hypoplasia?
Developmental failure resulting in small kidneys with no scars
What distinguishes true renal hypoplasia from acquired atrophic kidneys?
Reduced number of lobes and pyramids
Where can ectopic kidneys be found?
Just above the pelvic brim or within the pelvis
What is the prevalence of horseshoe kidneys in autopsies?
1 in 500 to 1000 autopsies
What is a common consequence of abnormal position of cystic kidneys?
Obstruction to urinary flow causing bacterial infections
Cystic diseases of the kidney are heterogeneous and include which types of disorders?
Hereditary, developmental, and acquired disorders
Explore the histologic changes and clinical manifestations of renal infarcts, including the processes of ischemic necrosis and fibrous scarring. Understand the presentation of renal infarcts such as silent cases and symptoms like pain and hematuria.
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