6 Questions
Which hormone is responsible for regulating urine volume by increasing water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting ducts?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What does increased aldosterone secretion lead to?
Increased sodium and water retention
Which of the following is secreted by muscle fibers in the atrium of the heart to promote loss of sodium via the urine?
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
In what part of the body is angiotensin II formed, and what is its function?
Lungs; acts as a vasoconstrictor
Which hormone is produced by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels in arterial blood?
Erythropoietin
What does the renin-angiotensin system do?
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the liver
Study Notes
Renal Hormones and Enzymes
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates urine volume by increasing water reabsorption and urine concentration in distal tubule and collecting ducts.
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Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) promotes sodium loss via the urine and is secreted by muscle fibers in the atrium of the heart.
Aldosterone Regulation
- Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex, increasing sodium absorption in distal collecting tubules and controlling potassium secretion.
- Increased serum potassium levels stimulate aldosterone secretion.
- Aldosterone secretion leads to increased sodium and water retention, and decreased renin formation.
Renin-Angiotensin System
- Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidney, regulating sodium retention, blood pressure, and fluid volume.
- The renin-angiotensin system converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 in the liver.
- Angiotensin II, formed in the lungs from angiotensin 1, is a vasoconstrictor that stimulates aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex.
Erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidney in response to low oxygen levels in arterial blood.
- It stimulates increased red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
Nephron Structure
- The nephron consists of a proximal convoluted tubule and a peritubular region.
This quiz covers the different hormones and enzymes that regulate kidney function, including antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic hormone, and aldosterone. Learn how they affect sodium and water reabsorption, and their impact on osmotic balance.
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