Renal Functions and Kidney Processes

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Questions and Answers

What does the presence of glucose in the urine indicate?

  • The reabsorption of electrolytes is incomplete
  • The kidney is not producing enough aldosterone
  • The blood glucose level is very high and not being controlled (correct)
  • The nephron is not functioning properly

What percentage of electrolytes are reabsorbed in the nephron?

  • 65-85% (correct)
  • 70-80%
  • 50-60%
  • 80-90%

What happens to water when a lot of Na+ or Cl- is reabsorbed?

  • Water is reabsorbed along with the electrolytes (correct)
  • Water is not affected by electrolyte reabsorption
  • Water is secreted into the tubules
  • Water is blocked from being reabsorbed

What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

<p>Permeable to solutes only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone in the late distal tubule?

<p>Retention of sodium and loss of potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

<p>Fine-tuning of sodium and potassium concentration of urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidney regulates its own blood flow?

<p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of angiotensin II in the regulation of renal blood flow?

<p>It constricts efferent arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a decrease in blood flow to the kidney?

<p>Decreased glomerular filtration rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular complex?

<p>To monitor blood pressure in the afferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of abnormalities in the autoregulation of renal blood flow?

<p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of renal blood flow?

<p>They cause vasodilation of renal vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if albumin is lost in urine due to kidney damage?

<p>Fluid starts leaking out of the capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of developing anemia due to nephrotic syndrome?

<p>Increased risk of bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the three mechanisms controlling afferent and efferent arterioles?

<p>To keep GFR at a constant rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may occur if there is abnormal aldosterone and ADH?

<p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ischemia in acute tubular necrosis?

<p>Change in permeability of tubular components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of control mechanism that regulates renal blood flow through the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Neural control mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in excreting substances?

<p>To remove substances not needed to maintain normal body fluid composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a waste product excreted by the kidneys?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

<p>By getting rid of extra fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of renin in the RAAS system?

<p>To catalyze the formation of angiotensin I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?

<p>To stimulate the production of red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of angiotensin II on the body?

<p>It increases blood pressure and vasoconstriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the ureter expanding due to urine backing up behind an obstruction?

<p>Hydroureter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest priority concern when dealing with a UT obstruction?

<p>Assessing for acute renal failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common component of kidney stones?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the urine to become supersaturated with stone-forming substances?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the kidney expanding due to urine backing up behind an obstruction?

<p>Hydronephrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which substances in the urine precipitate out and form stones?

<p>Precipitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of accrediting bodies like Joint Commission (JCAHO) in the healthcare system?

<p>To grant formal recognition to entities that meet stated criteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a patient's health record?

<p>To provide a permanent legal document of the nurse's interactions with the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting and analyzing healthcare data?

<p>To determine the severity of illness and quality of care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of effective documentation according to the 2010 ANA Standards?

<p>Accessible and accurate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of their shift do US nurses typically spend on charting?

<p>25-40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of objective documentation in nursing?

<p>The patient's skin is warm and dry to the touch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of effective nursing documentation?

<p>Documentation should be complete, accurate, current, and concise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting a patient's statements in quotations?

<p>To capture the patient's exact words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a type of information that should be documented in a patient's health record?

<p>Personal opinions about the patient's diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting patient findings in a measurable and verifiable manner?

<p>To provide a clear and accurate representation of the patient's status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using standard professional guidelines for nursing documentation?

<p>To provide a framework for effective communication with other healthcare professionals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when documenting patient information?

<p>Using slang terms and stereotypes in charting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to distinguish between subjective and objective data in nursing documentation?

<p>To provide a clear and accurate record of patient information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting quotes from the patient and behaviors?

<p>To provide a comprehensive and accurate picture of the patient's situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse in communicating with other healthcare professionals?

<p>To report patient information and coordinate care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you avoid copying and pasting notes in an EHR?

<p>Because the data may be outdated or inaccurate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus of documentation in a patient's chart?

<p>Measurable, verifiable objective data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting patient problems in an orderly, sequential manner?

<p>To track the patient's response to nursing interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a progress note be written in a patient's chart?

<p>Upon admission, transfer, and discharge, and when a procedure is performed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to handle an error in charting?

<p>Draw a single line through the error, note the mistake, and rewrite the entry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dating and timing each entry in a patient's chart?

<p>To provide a record of all events and interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use standard terminology and abbreviations in charting?

<p>To ensure clear and concise communication among healthcare providers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of signing each entry in a patient's chart?

<p>To authenticate the entry and take responsibility for the information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with blank spaces in a paper chart?

<p>Draw a single line through them to prevent unauthorized additions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is considered private and confidential?

<p>All information about patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a breach in confidentiality?

<p>Discussing patient information in a public area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Electronic Health Record (EHR)?

<p>To generate a complete record of a clinical patient’s encounter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of improperly accessing a patient record?

<p>Accessing a patient record to use information in a personal relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of patient identifiers in PHI?

<p>They are used to identify patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of maintaining confidentiality of patient information?

<p>To protect patient privacy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of their shift do US nurses typically spend on charting?

<p>25-40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a patient's health record?

<p>To provide a permanent legal document (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be complete, accurate, current, and concise in nursing documentation?

<p>The entire patient health record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is documentation important in nursing?

<p>It is the nurse's best defense in case of allegations of nursing negligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be documented in a patient's health record?

<p>Assessments, medication administration, nursing actions, treatments, patient response to treatment, and patient education (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is standardization of documentation important?

<p>To ensure accuracy and clarity in documentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for documenting patient findings in a measurable and verifiable manner?

<p>To support claims with evidence and avoid generalizations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using an EHR?

<p>To improve patient care through comprehensive records (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a progress note be written in a patient's chart?

<p>Upon admission, transfer, and discharge, and when a procedure is performed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of measuring intake and output?

<p>To monitor fluid balance and detect abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in nursing documentation according to the guidelines?

<p>Documenting opinions or subjective feelings about a patient situation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting patient responses to nursing interventions?

<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of treatments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with blank spaces in a paper chart?

<p>Draw a single line through them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is SBAR an acronym for?

<p>Situation Background Assessment Recommendation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid generalizations in nursing documentation?

<p>Generalizations can be misunderstood by other healthcare professionals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strict I&O?

<p>The measurement of fluids that go into and come out of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to sign each entry in a patient's chart?

<p>To assign responsibility for the care provided (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be used when writing in a paper chart?

<p>Dark ink to ensure permanence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of documenting in a legally prudent manner?

<p>To protect the nurse and healthcare facility from legal liability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using standard communication tools like SBAR?

<p>To improve the effectiveness of communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of accrediting bodies like Joint Commission (JCAHO) in the healthcare system?

<p>To grant formal recognition to entities that meet stated criteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to document patient information accurately and thoroughly?

<p>To provide comprehensive records for patient care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with quotes from patients and their behaviors?

<p>Document them in the objective section of the chart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when documenting patient information?

<p>Using dittos, erasures, or correcting fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of effective documentation according to the 2010 ANA Standards?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of documenting patient problems in an orderly, sequential manner?

<p>To improve quality of patient care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to date and time each entry in a patient's chart?

<p>To establish a chronological record of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between subjective and objective data in nursing documentation?

<p>Subjective data is what the patient says, and objective data is what the nurse observes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using computerized data bases in healthcare?

<p>To improve quality of patient care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the treatment team in healthcare?

<p>To aid in patient safety and improve quality of care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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