Renal Functions and Kidney Processes
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Questions and Answers

What does the presence of glucose in the urine indicate?

  • The reabsorption of electrolytes is incomplete
  • The kidney is not producing enough aldosterone
  • The blood glucose level is very high and not being controlled (correct)
  • The nephron is not functioning properly
  • What percentage of electrolytes are reabsorbed in the nephron?

  • 65-85% (correct)
  • 70-80%
  • 50-60%
  • 80-90%
  • What happens to water when a lot of Na+ or Cl- is reabsorbed?

  • Water is reabsorbed along with the electrolytes (correct)
  • Water is not affected by electrolyte reabsorption
  • Water is secreted into the tubules
  • Water is blocked from being reabsorbed
  • What is the function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

    <p>Permeable to solutes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aldosterone in the late distal tubule?

    <p>Retention of sodium and loss of potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Fine-tuning of sodium and potassium concentration of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the kidney regulates its own blood flow?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of angiotensin II in the regulation of renal blood flow?

    <p>It constricts efferent arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in blood flow to the kidney?

    <p>Decreased glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular complex?

    <p>To monitor blood pressure in the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of abnormalities in the autoregulation of renal blood flow?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of renal blood flow?

    <p>They cause vasodilation of renal vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if albumin is lost in urine due to kidney damage?

    <p>Fluid starts leaking out of the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of developing anemia due to nephrotic syndrome?

    <p>Increased risk of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the three mechanisms controlling afferent and efferent arterioles?

    <p>To keep GFR at a constant rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if there is abnormal aldosterone and ADH?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ischemia in acute tubular necrosis?

    <p>Change in permeability of tubular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of control mechanism that regulates renal blood flow through the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Neural control mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in excreting substances?

    <p>To remove substances not needed to maintain normal body fluid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a waste product excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

    <p>By getting rid of extra fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of renin in the RAAS system?

    <p>To catalyze the formation of angiotensin I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?

    <p>To stimulate the production of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of angiotensin II on the body?

    <p>It increases blood pressure and vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ureter expanding due to urine backing up behind an obstruction?

    <p>Hydroureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest priority concern when dealing with a UT obstruction?

    <p>Assessing for acute renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common component of kidney stones?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause the urine to become supersaturated with stone-forming substances?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the kidney expanding due to urine backing up behind an obstruction?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which substances in the urine precipitate out and form stones?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accrediting bodies like Joint Commission (JCAHO) in the healthcare system?

    <p>To grant formal recognition to entities that meet stated criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a patient's health record?

    <p>To provide a permanent legal document of the nurse's interactions with the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting and analyzing healthcare data?

    <p>To determine the severity of illness and quality of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of effective documentation according to the 2010 ANA Standards?

    <p>Accessible and accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of their shift do US nurses typically spend on charting?

    <p>25-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of objective documentation in nursing?

    <p>The patient's skin is warm and dry to the touch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of effective nursing documentation?

    <p>Documentation should be complete, accurate, current, and concise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting a patient's statements in quotations?

    <p>To capture the patient's exact words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a type of information that should be documented in a patient's health record?

    <p>Personal opinions about the patient's diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting patient findings in a measurable and verifiable manner?

    <p>To provide a clear and accurate representation of the patient's status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using standard professional guidelines for nursing documentation?

    <p>To provide a framework for effective communication with other healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when documenting patient information?

    <p>Using slang terms and stereotypes in charting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to distinguish between subjective and objective data in nursing documentation?

    <p>To provide a clear and accurate record of patient information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting quotes from the patient and behaviors?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive and accurate picture of the patient's situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nurse in communicating with other healthcare professionals?

    <p>To report patient information and coordinate care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you avoid copying and pasting notes in an EHR?

    <p>Because the data may be outdated or inaccurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus of documentation in a patient's chart?

    <p>Measurable, verifiable objective data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting patient problems in an orderly, sequential manner?

    <p>To track the patient's response to nursing interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a progress note be written in a patient's chart?

    <p>Upon admission, transfer, and discharge, and when a procedure is performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to handle an error in charting?

    <p>Draw a single line through the error, note the mistake, and rewrite the entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dating and timing each entry in a patient's chart?

    <p>To provide a record of all events and interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use standard terminology and abbreviations in charting?

    <p>To ensure clear and concise communication among healthcare providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of signing each entry in a patient's chart?

    <p>To authenticate the entry and take responsibility for the information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with blank spaces in a paper chart?

    <p>Draw a single line through them to prevent unauthorized additions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is considered private and confidential?

    <p>All information about patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a breach in confidentiality?

    <p>Discussing patient information in a public area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an Electronic Health Record (EHR)?

    <p>To generate a complete record of a clinical patient’s encounter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of improperly accessing a patient record?

    <p>Accessing a patient record to use information in a personal relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of patient identifiers in PHI?

    <p>They are used to identify patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining confidentiality of patient information?

    <p>To protect patient privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of their shift do US nurses typically spend on charting?

    <p>25-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a patient's health record?

    <p>To provide a permanent legal document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be complete, accurate, current, and concise in nursing documentation?

    <p>The entire patient health record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is documentation important in nursing?

    <p>It is the nurse's best defense in case of allegations of nursing negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented in a patient's health record?

    <p>Assessments, medication administration, nursing actions, treatments, patient response to treatment, and patient education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is standardization of documentation important?

    <p>To ensure accuracy and clarity in documentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for documenting patient findings in a measurable and verifiable manner?

    <p>To support claims with evidence and avoid generalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using an EHR?

    <p>To improve patient care through comprehensive records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a progress note be written in a patient's chart?

    <p>Upon admission, transfer, and discharge, and when a procedure is performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of measuring intake and output?

    <p>To monitor fluid balance and detect abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in nursing documentation according to the guidelines?

    <p>Documenting opinions or subjective feelings about a patient situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting patient responses to nursing interventions?

    <p>To evaluate the effectiveness of treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with blank spaces in a paper chart?

    <p>Draw a single line through them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is SBAR an acronym for?

    <p>Situation Background Assessment Recommendation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid generalizations in nursing documentation?

    <p>Generalizations can be misunderstood by other healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is strict I&O?

    <p>The measurement of fluids that go into and come out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to sign each entry in a patient's chart?

    <p>To assign responsibility for the care provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used when writing in a paper chart?

    <p>Dark ink to ensure permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of documenting in a legally prudent manner?

    <p>To protect the nurse and healthcare facility from legal liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using standard communication tools like SBAR?

    <p>To improve the effectiveness of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of accrediting bodies like Joint Commission (JCAHO) in the healthcare system?

    <p>To grant formal recognition to entities that meet stated criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to document patient information accurately and thoroughly?

    <p>To provide comprehensive records for patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with quotes from patients and their behaviors?

    <p>Document them in the objective section of the chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when documenting patient information?

    <p>Using dittos, erasures, or correcting fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of effective documentation according to the 2010 ANA Standards?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of documenting patient problems in an orderly, sequential manner?

    <p>To improve quality of patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to date and time each entry in a patient's chart?

    <p>To establish a chronological record of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between subjective and objective data in nursing documentation?

    <p>Subjective data is what the patient says, and objective data is what the nurse observes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using computerized data bases in healthcare?

    <p>To improve quality of patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the treatment team in healthcare?

    <p>To aid in patient safety and improve quality of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

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